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Sports Injuries > AC and SC, Scapula & Shoulder Girdle review > Flashcards

AC and SC, Scapula & Shoulder Girdle review Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the acromioclavicular joint

A
  • where acromion process of scapula is meeting up with lateral end of clavicle (ALWAYS indicate which side! Diff movements and form 2 diff joints)
  • common place for injuries (separated shoulder)
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2
Q

Describe the joint and articular surfaces of the AC joint

A
  • joint surfaces of acromion process lateral end of scapula are small, very shallow
  • flat & shallow = not a lot of ROM because big idea is to hold scapula that clavicle
  • on the inside we find a articular disk just like SC joint: fibrocartilaginous disk sandwiched between the 2 ends of the bones
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3
Q

What ligaments hold the AC joint together?

A

AC (acromioclavicular) ligament, CC ligaments (coracoclavicular)

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4
Q

Describe the AC ligament

A
  • reinforces The joint capsule and is thickest on the superior side of the joint
  • not strongest stabilizer of joint
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5
Q

Describe the coracoclavicular ligaments

A
  • attaches down to coracoid process
  • a pair of ligaments
    CONOID: medial side, coming up from the coracoid process to the conoid tubercle, to inferior aspect of clavicle
    TRAPEZOID: off coracoid process, runs along trapezoid line on the inferior aspect of the clavicle. Helps prevent superior translation of the lateral end of the clavicle, keeping the AC joint together
  • The two ligaments help hold scapula up relative to lateral end of clavicle
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6
Q

Describe the coraco-acromial ligament

A
  • doesn’t actually support a joint directly, just nearby AC joint
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7
Q

What effect does gravity have on AC joint ligaments?

A
  • gravity wants humerus to go down
  • scapula will also go down & coracoid process away from clavicle, stretches these ligaments
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8
Q

Describe the location and function of SC (sternoclavicular) joint

A
  • medial end of the clavicle fits into concave spot on manubrium of sternum
  • has a very important job! Gets lots of motion here that pivot off SC joint

ELEVATION
DEPRESSION
PROTRACTION
RETRACTION

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9
Q

What does the magnitude of actions @ SC joint mean for it’s ligaments?

A

We need lots of ligamentous support to keep joint stable

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10
Q

Name the ligaments and structure (s) that keep the SC joint together

A
  • anterior SC ligament
  • posterior SC ligament
  • costo-clavicular ligament
  • articular disk
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11
Q

Describe the SC articular disk

A
  • similar to meniscus in knee, sandwiched between 2 bones and made up of fibrocartilage
  • deals with compressive forces through the joint & shearing or frictional forces that occur there as well
  • inside of joint capsule (that every synovial joint will have)
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12
Q

The SC joint capsule is reinforced by _

A

2 SC ligaments

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13
Q

Describe the anterior SC ligament

A
  • comes from anterior side of the manubrium of the sternum
  • comes up and lands on medial end of clavicle
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14
Q

Describe the posterior SC ligament

A
  • does the same thing as anterior SC and has same attachments, just more posterior
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15
Q

Describe the costo-clavicular ligament

A
  • named for it’s attachments
  • comes in off superior aspect of costal cartilage on 1st rib
  • travels superiorly to attach a long inferior side of the medial end of the clavicle
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16
Q

What happens to SC ligaments with retraction?

A

Stretches apart anterior SC ligaments

17
Q

What happens to SC ligaments with protraction?

A

Opens up posterior side and stretches posterior SC ligament

18
Q

Why can the clavicle resemble a teeter totter?

A
  • axis of rotation set by costo-clavicular ligament instead of in middle: holds clavicle down and creates axis of rotation
  • gravity wants to pull the arm down (which is attached to scapula so that goes down also, lateral end of clavicle & scapula go down)

** when lateral end goes down, medial goes up (SC ligaments need to hold the medial end down to prevent this)

19
Q

Name the major joints of the shoulder girdle

A

AC joint
SC Joint

20
Q

Describe the shoulder girdle

A
  • clavicle, scapula and muscles (NPT HUMERUS)
  • clavicle anchors us medially to the sternum, wraps around laterally and joints up with the scapula
  • 1 big long continuous strip of bone with V shape (sternum>clavicle>scapula)
21
Q

Describe the bony structures of the shoulder girdle

A
  • 2 angles (superior and inferior)
  • 2 borders (lateral and medial/vertebral)
  • glenoid fossa
  • Spine of scapula+2 fossae (infraspinous and supraspinous)
  • 2 processes (acromion and coracoid)

**Draw this out!!!

22
Q

What actions happen at the shoulder girdle?

A

ELEVATION-DEPRESSION

PROTRACTION-RETRACTION

SUPERIOR/INFERIOR ROTATION OF SCAPULA

WINGING

23
Q

Describe elevation

A
  • Superior rotation of scapula, follows contours of rib cage (curve)
  • pivoting off SC joints, and lateral end of shoulder girdle lifts up while pivoting around medial end
24
Q

Describe depression

A
  • inferior rotation of scapula
  • in general shoulder girdle moves to position humerus somewhere in space (“driver” for the humerus)
25
Q

Describe protraction

A
  • bringing scapulas forward & sliding apart from one another
  • lateral end of shoulder girdle moving forward
  • closing up front of chest, opening back
26
Q

Define retraction

A
  • lateral ends of shoulder girdle drop back
  • scapulas come closer together
27
Q

Scapula rotates on the _

A

Thorax

28
Q

Define superior rotation of scapula

A
  • glenoid fossa goes up
  • humerus goes up
  • inferior angle goes farther away from midline of back
29
Q

Define inferior rotation of scapula

A
  • glenoid fossa goes down
  • humerus goes up
  • inferior angle moves closer to midline of back
30
Q

Define winging of the scapula

A
  • scapula is not anchored to rib cage (no ligament, otherwise it would’nt have ROM): held exclusively by muscular control
  • isn’t always at work & scapula can lift away from ribcage
  • looks like you develop “wings”, especially with anterior tilt
  • not great cause this could mean less stability in other parts of the arm
31
Q

Describe the coracoid process

A
  • sticks our like finger into anterior aspect of the shoulder above & medial to glenoid fossa
  • points forward and laterally
  • sticks out for a reason! Important for us when muscles attach
32
Q

Describe the acromion process

A
  • extension of the scapular spine
  • enlarges & forms process
  • can feel it on yourself!
  • coracoid process on front side
33
Q

Describe the superior angle of scapula

A
  • point on the medial superior side of the scapula
  • muscle will attach here
34
Q

What is the function of the glenoid fossa?

A
  • shallow socket for humerus
35
Q

Describe the SOS (spine of scapula)

A
  • ridge of bone running along posterior side, long & narrow
  • has shallow fossa above & below
36
Q

Describe the medial/vertebral border of scapula

A
  • closest to vertebrae
  • lots of muscular attachments
37
Q

Describe the inferior angle

A

Point on the inferior side of scapula
- more muscular attachments here

Sports Injuries (21 decks)

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