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Sports Injuries > Msk Knee Joint Review > Flashcards

Msk Knee Joint Review Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 major bones that make up the knee

A

Femur, patella, tibia

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2
Q

What joints do we have at the knee?

A
  • patello-femoral joint
  • tibiofemoral joint
  • superior tibiofibular joint
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3
Q

Describe the characteristics of the patella

A
  • not a round, circular bone all around
  • point at bottom = apex of patella
  • round at the top = base of patella
  • Back has a nice articulate surface that will meet up with anterior surface on femur
  • at bottom there are 2 shallow facets with a point in between, these match up with medial and lateral femoral condyles
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4
Q

Name the major ligaments of the knee

A
  • lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
  • medial collateral ligament (MCL)
  • anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
  • posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
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5
Q

Describe the LCL

A
  • Attaches to proximal side of fibula (head) and lateral epicondyle of femur (the sticky outy thing from the lateral condyle)
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6
Q

Describe the MCL

A
  • longer, around the length of middle finger and wider
  • proximal attachment at medial epicondyle of femur
  • distal attachment at medial side of tibia, just inferior to medial tibial condyle

INJURED A LOT! Deepest fingers integrate with more superficial ones of medial meniscus

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7
Q

What does cruciate mean?

A

To cross

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8
Q

Describe the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A
  • attaches to anterior intercondylar area
  • goes up to lateral femoral condyle
  • limits anterior translation relative to femur
  • limits external rotation of tibia relative to femur (stretched with both rotations but more with external)
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9
Q

Describe the characteristics of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A
  • attaches lower closer to posterior intercondylar area
  • comes up from tibial attaches to medial femoral condyle
  • limit excessive translation in posterior direction relative to femur (flexion of the knee)
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10
Q

What does the ACL limit? Aka what would be impaired if injured

A
  • External rotation of tibia
  • anterior translation relative to femur
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11
Q

Describe the varus position and the effect it has on the knee. What limits this motion? What might get injured then if we have too much of it

A

Position at knee that is bowlegged
- open up lateral side of knee and compress medial side
- LCL limits varus positions and stress on knee

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12
Q

Describe the valgus position and the effect it would have on the knee, as well as the structure that limits this movement

A

“I’m shy” position
- opens medial side of the knee
- MCL limits this position
- separates medial tibial condyle from medial femoral condyle and compresses on lateral side

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13
Q

What allows for the passage of the ACL and PCL?

A

Intercondylar notch

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14
Q

What are articulate surfaces as is connects to the knee?

A
  • where bones meet each other, joint contact
  • has hyaline or articulate cartilage
  • femur has to connect patella and fibula

Ex. Condyle as are very rounded and convex so when knee flexion/extension happens, condyle will rock back along tibial plateau

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15
Q

What happens to the patella with flexion and extension?

A
  • slides down with flexion, up with extension because of it’s attachment to tibial tuberosity through the tendon
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16
Q

Label the structures on the proximal end of the tibia and from a superior POV

A

Reference notes

17
Q

What are menisci?

A
  • wedges of fibrocartilage (cartilage that has it’s own shape, not the kind that coats bones)
  • wider on periphery towards surface of skin/the joint, taper and narrow as they approach the inside of the joint
  • not much blood supply but red get some and white zones don’t
  • peripheral 30% gets some blood supply (red)
18
Q

What kind of menisci has increased chance of healing?

A

Red zone, gets some blood supply

19
Q

What is the function of menisci?

A
  • NOT LIKE LIGAMENTS, DON’T LIMIT MOVEMENT
  • are sandwiched between 2 bones from front to back of joint
  • designed to deal with compression force and grinding (shear) during rotation of tibia and femur relative to each other (especially weight bearing)
  • improving fit/congruency of joint (limiting empty space)
  • doing this, they increase size of contact area: compression and shearing rotation loads have larger surface to spread upon
20
Q

Describe the characteristic of the lateral meniscus

A
  • has 2 points, posterior and anterior horn
  • smaller in length than medial
21
Q

Describe the characteristics of the medial meniscus

A
  • has anterior and posterior horn (attach tibia to meniscus, pos and ant intercondylar areas)
  • is a little bit longer to match the size of medial tibial condyle /articulate surface buried there

Sports Injuries (21 decks)

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