AC Odds And Ends

Question 1

Name the layers of a tree from outside to inside

Answer 1

Bark, phloem, cambium, xylem

Question 2

List the levels of plant classification from broadest to narrowest

Answer 2

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species epithet

Question 3

Name the plant characteristics used to identify trees

Answer 3

Bark texture, leaves, flowers, fruit, seed, buds, leaf scars, scent, form or growth habit

Question 4

Name all the possible layers of the bark from outside to inside

Answer 4

Cuticle, epidermis, cork cells, cork cambium, phelloderm, cortex.

Question 5

Describe the O horizon

Answer 5

It is a thin layer of decomposing organic material

Question 6

Describe the A horizon

Answer 6

Layer that contains most of the fine absorbing roots of trees and is very biologically active.

Question 7

Describe the B horizon

Answer 7

It is a zone of accumulation where materials that have leached from the surface mix with soil particles from the lower parent material.

Question 8

T/F negativity charged clay particles hold cations near their surface.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Name the benefits of using mulch around trees

Answer 9

Moderate temperature extremes, reduce competition from weeds, keep mowers away, maintain soil moisture, aesthetically pleasing

Question 10

Name the health problems associated with flooding

Answer 10

Root suffocation/death, soil organisms killed, predisposition to other stress factors, root collar rot, tree prone to toppling, mineral toxicities

Question 11

Name the functions of the root system.

Answer 11

Absorption, conduction, anchorage, storage, hormone production

Question 12

List the defects that could be found on a rope

Answer 12

Cuts, excessive fraying, puffs, pulled or herniated fibers, abrasions, changes in diameter, discoloration, glazing

Question 13

Before climbing a tree, a climber should inspect the tree for hazards such as

Answer 13

Broken limbs, electrical hazards, dead limbs, decay, splits.

Question 14

Name pieces of personal protective equipment that are generally required for all tree workers

Answer 14

Hardhat, eye protection, hearing protection, leg protection, sturdy work boots

Question 15

T/F a well-trained climber, in good condition, should be able to dodge the kickback of a chainsaw.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Generally, the depth of the felling notch should not exceed ___-___ of the diameter of the tree

Answer 16

One third

Question 17

If a victim is not breathing, it is necessary to perform ________ ________

Answer 17

Artificial respiration

Question 18

List the Allied professionals or groups that an urban Forrester should learn to communicate with

Answer 18

Urban planners, civil engineers, public work officials, government agencies, and the public

Question 19

List some economic benefits of trees

Answer 19

Increase property values, increase tax base, attract visitors, deferred maintenance on materials

Question 20

List environmental benefits of trees

Answer 20

Improve air quality, sequester carbon, cool the air through transpiration, provide habitat for wildlife, reduce stormwater runoff and soil erosion

Question 21

List for types of data that are typically collected any tree inventory

Answer 21

Species, diameter, location, condition codes, maintenance codes.

Question 22

Name five ways that trees can be adversely affected by construction

Answer 22

Root injury, soil compaction, injury to trunk or branches, grade change, excavation severing root system

Question 23

What are the phases of land development

Answer 23

Site clearing demolition, rough grading, utility installation and grading, construction, and final grading and landscape installation

Question 24

If the soil grade on a construction site is____, a large percentage of the trees roots system might be removed. If The Grade is___, The trees roots might be suffocated

Answer 24

Lowered, raised

Question 25

List the three components of risk assessment

Answer 25

Potential for failure, potential target, environment that may contribute to failure

Question 26

List five indicators of decay in a tree

Answer 26

Open wounds or cavities, fruiting bodies: mushrooms Conks, cracked or loosend Bark, certain inserts, birds bees and other animals

Question 27

List for potential options for mitigating tree risk

Answer 27

Pruning, cabling, bracing, removal of the trees limbs

Question 28

Plant resources, produced through photosynthesis, are allocated among four primary functions:

Answer 28

Growth, maintenance, storage, defense

Question 29

What are the three pest management goals

Answer 29

Prevention eradication and suppression

Question 30

Name five causes of physical or mechanical injuries two trees

Answer 30

Lawnmower/string trimmer, vandalism, construction, rodents, guy wires

Question 31

Name some insect pests of trees with chewing mouthparts

Answer 31

Beatles, caterpillars, weevils, leaf miners, borers, webworms

Question 32

Name some inserts with piercing or sucking mouthparts

Answer 32

Aphids, scale, leafhoppers, mealybugs, true bugs, and psyllids

Question 33

Name the four factors required for a tree disease

Answer 33

Susceptible host, pathogenic organisms, suitable environment, proper timing

Question 34

Fire blight is an example of a disease caused by a____

Answer 34

Bacterium

Question 35

Name three instances in which cabling might be called for in a tree

Answer 35

Support a weak crotch, support for multi-stemmed tree, weak wooded tree

Question 36

T/F the installation of metal cables, if done properly, will not wound the tree

Answer 36

false

Question 37

Name three circumstances in which lightning protection for trees might be recommended

Answer 37

Historical, valuable, large trees in a populated area

Question 38

The purpose of a lightning protection system is to

Answer 38

Conduct the electrical charge into the soil away from the tree

Question 39

When cabling a multi-stemmed tree, extra support can be added to the system by

Answer 39

Cabling the limbs together in triangular combinations

Question 40

Name the common reasons for removing limbs from trees

Answer 40

Dead, disease, hazardous, Crossing, thinning, weight reduction, size reduction, obstructing views or clearance

Question 41

T/F Trees that tend to bleed should never be pruned in the early spring because doing so is likely to cause a major decline in vigor

Answer 41

False

Question 42

T/F as a general rule, mature trees are less tolerant of severe pruning then juvenile trees

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T/F even the removal of 25% of the canopy of a large, mature tree can be stressful to the tree

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Three adverse effects of lion tailing are

Answer 44

Uneven foliage distribution, sunburned bark tissue, weakened branch structure

Question 45

Three adverse affects of topping include

Answer 45

Excessive water sprout development, weak branch union, unnatural growth form

Question 46

T/F research on wound dressings shows that there use prevents decay.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

Name two ways plant growth regulators are used by arborist

Answer 47

Reduce growth and restrict sucker growth

Question 48

To prune trees that flower on the previous years growth and maximize flowering, you should prune

Answer 48

Shortly after flowering

Question 49

Name the adverse effects of staking or guying trees

Answer 49

Wounding of trunk or branches, girdling, less stable root development, uneven taper development

Question 50

T/F in general, palms are easy to transplant

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Name three site characteristics that must be considered in tree selection

Answer 51

Growing space, light conditions, soil conditions, climate, functional requirements

Question 52

The climactic factor that determines hardiness zones is

Answer 52

Low temperature extremes

Question 53

Name the limitations to trunk implants and microinjections

Answer 53

Limited to trees over 4 inches in diameter, not suited for addressing macronutrient deficiencies, resulting wounds limit ability to repeat applications

Question 54

Name the advantages of drip irrigation

Answer 54

Reduces water waste and reduces surface compaction

Question 55

Name the disadvantages of drip irrigation

Answer 55

Must be moved outward as root system expands and may become clogged

Question 56

A_____ ____ Is a landscape feature specifically designed to collect and hold stormwater runoff

Answer 56

Rain garden