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ATC Basic Theory > ACFT > Flashcards

ACFT Flashcards

1
Q

To make a left hand turn, of the ailerons, which side goes up and which side goes down?

A

Left side goes up, right side goes down.

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2
Q

What colour has the navigation light on the right wing? And on the left wing?

A

Right: Front side green, back side white
Left: Front side red, back side white

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3
Q

What type of lights are red, flash, and are usually position on the top and bottom of the fuselage?

A

Beacon lights

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4
Q

What type of lights are white and flash at a regular interval?

A

Strobe lights

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5
Q

Name the 4 so-called “strokes” that an engine cylinder goes through in a 4-stroke cycle

A
  1. Intake
  2. Compression
  3. Combustion or Ignition + Power stroke
  4. Exhaust
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6
Q

Why are turboprop engines better suited for short-runway take-offs?

A

Turboprops are better at accelerating a large mass of air at lower speeds, compared to turbojets and turbofans

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7
Q

What is the function of a carburetor?

A

Mixing air with fuel

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8
Q

Which indicator(s) use(s) the input of the pitot tube?

A

Air speed indicator (ASI)
Mach meter

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9
Q

Which indicator(s) use(s) the input of the static port?

A

Air speed indicator (ASI)
Mach meter
Vertical speed indicator (VSI)
Altimeter

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10
Q

Which indicator(s) use(s) the input of the gyro?

A

Slip and turn indicator
Artificial horizon
Compass (heading indicator

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11
Q

What are the 4 wake turbulence categories?

A

Super (J) - A380
Heavy (H) - 136,000 kg or heavier
Medium (M) - between 7,000 kg and 136,000 kg
Light (L) - 7,000 kg or lighter

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12
Q

What are the 2 main types of drag?

A
  • Parasitic drag
  • Induced drag
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13
Q

In which two sub-groups can parasitic drag be divided?

A
  • Profile drag
  • Interference drag
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14
Q

In which two sub-groups can profile drag be divided?

A
  • Form drag
  • Skin friction
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15
Q

What type of drag is a byproduct of generating lift?

A

Induced drag

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16
Q

True or false:
Bernoulli’s principle states that if the speed of a flow increases, the pressure of the flow must also increase

A

False. An increase in speed results in a decrease in pressure, and vice versa

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17
Q

What are the primary flight contol surfaces of an airplane? And how does it move the airplane?

A

Ailerons - Rolling the airplane
Elevator - Pitching the aircraft
Rudder - Yawing the aircraft

18
Q

What are the secondary flight contol surfaces of an airplane? And what function do they have?

A

Flaps - Increase surface area and maximum Angle of Attack (AoA).
Slats - Increase surface area and maximum Angle of Attack (AoA).
Spoilers - Increase drag and reduce lift.
Trim - Relieve the pilot of maintaining constant pressure on the flight controls.

19
Q

What types of jet engines exist?

A

Turbojet
Turboprop
Turbofan (low-bypass)
Turbofan (high-bypass)
Turboshaft (helicopter)
Ramjet (Military jets)

20
Q

Why are bypass jet engines better?

A
  • Lower fuel consumption
  • Quieter
21
Q

Why does a helicopter have a tail rotor?

A

To counter the torque created by the main rotor

22
Q

What is the transition point on an aerofoil? And the separation point?

A

The transition point where the laminar airflow becomes turbulent

The separation point when the airflow detaches from the wing

23
Q

What are the 3 (4) aerofoils on an airplane?

A

-Wings
-Vertical Stabilizer
-Horizontal stabilizer
(-Propellers)

24
Q

What is the function of a winglet?

A

Reducing drag and wingtip vortices

25
Q

Why does the center of gravity (CoG) change during flight?

A
  • Fuel is used
  • Passengers move around
  • Changing seat after boarding
26
Q

What are the 4 forces acting on an airplane

A
  • Gravity - Opposite of lift
  • Lift - Opposite of gravity
  • Thrust - Opposite of drag
  • Drag - opposite of thrust

If thrust > drag, the aircraft accelerates till thrust = drag (balanced)

27
Q

Lift formula?

A

Lift = CL * 1/2 * ρ * V2 * S
CL = AoA and wing shape
ρ = Density
V = Speed
S = Wing surface area

28
Q

Jet engines, asside from thurst, also provide?

A
  • Electricity
  • Hydraulic power
  • Pneumatical pressure (cabin)
  • Bleed air for anti-icing
29
Q

Name the 5 stages that an jet engine goes through

A
  1. Air intake
  2. Compression (between 40:1 / 55:1)
  3. Compressed air mixed with fuel + ignition with constant flame (600/900 degrees Celsius)
  4. Hot air passed through turbine (drives the compressor)
  5. Hot air pushed out
30
Q

Name the 2 types of aircraft engines

A
  • Piston engines
  • Jet engines
31
Q

Force formula?

A

Force = M * A
M = Mass
A = Acceleration

32
Q

At what angle are the flaps extended during take-off?
And landing?

A
  • Take-off: 10-15 degrees
  • Landing: 30-45 degrees
33
Q

3 types of slats?

A
  • Fixed slot
  • Movable slat
  • Leading edge flap
34
Q

4 types of flaps?

A
  • Plain flap
  • Split flap
  • Slotted flap
  • Fowler flap
35
Q

What should a controller do when he/she is informed of a terrain warning?

A

Confirm the appropriate altimeter setting and NEVER ask a pilot to stop the climb

36
Q

What is top of climb (TOC)?

A

The moment, right after climbing, where the highest cruising altitude is achieved

37
Q

What is top of descent (TOD)?

A

The optimum point for commencement of descent, usually given by the flight management system (FMS)

38
Q

What are the 3 aviation fuels?

A

AVGAS (aka 100LL) - highly refined kerosene for piston engines

JET A1 - unleaded kerosene for modern commercial airliners

JET B - naptha-kerosene blend for cold weather (dangerous to handle)

39
Q

When is the highest demand on the hydraulic system?

A

When the landing gear is retracted or lowered

40
Q

Fill in (increase or decrease):
Anhedral wings … lateral stability
Dihedral wings … lateral stability

A

Anhedral wings decrease lateral stability
Dihedral wings increase lateral stability

41
Q

What is the airbus cheat?

A

Airbus aircraft use the ailerons as speedbrakes by moving them upwards on both sides

ATC Basic Theory (10 decks)

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