Ach: Disposition of the Peritoneum

Question 1

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 1

Secretory serous membrane that secretes a SMALL amt of fluid for lubrication between surfaces of organs that extend into it

Question 2

What is the peritoneum derived from?

Answer 2

Mesenchymal cells of the embyronic mesoderm

Question 3

Where does the peritoneum line?

Answer 3

Perioneal cavity (the largest serous cavity in the body) located in the abodominopelvic cavity

Question 4

What is the difference between the peritoneal cavity in a male vs. female?

Answer 4

Male- completely closed

Female- communicates w/ the exterior via the openings of the uterine tubes

Question 5

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 5

Lines the WALLs of the abdominal cavity and upper surfaces of the pelvic cavity; reflects of the vertebral column

Question 6

What is outside the parietal layer of the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 6

Layer of CT called the extraperitoneal layer that is FATTY

Question 7

What is the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 7

Covers the ORGANS suspended in the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 8

What is hte fate of the somatic mesoderm when the trilaminar disk folds?

Answer 8

Becomes the trunk wall, lined w/ parietal paritoneum

Question 9

What is the somatic mesoderm continuous?

Answer 9

Splanchnic mesoderm located at the dorsal and ventral mesenteries; walls of the foregut and the visceral peritoneum

Question 10

What does the dorsal mesentery consist of?

Answer 10

two layers of parietal peritoneum; continuous w/ ventral mesentery (also two layers of peritoneum)

Question 11

What is the yolk sac made up of? What is it continuous with?

Answer 11

Endoderm of the viscera

Continuity at the umbilicus

Question 12

What is hte intraembryonic coelom lined by?

Answer 12

peritoneum

Question 13

What is the intraembryonic coelom divided into?

Answer 13

LEFT and right abdominal cavities by dorsal and ventral mesenteries

Question 14

How does growth and rotation of the primitive gut tube change the geometry of the mesenteries and peritoneal cavity?

Answer 14

RIGHT side of the peritoneal cavity comes to lie BEHIND the ventral mesentery, stomach and liver

Question 15

What are the two divisions of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 15

Greater sac
Lesser sac (omental bursa)

Question 16

What is the main compartment of the peritoneal cavity? Where does it extend to?

Answer 16

Greater sac

Extends across the abdomen from the diaphragm to the pelvis

Question 17

Organs that extend into the greater sac are…

Answer 17

Peritoneal or intraperitoneal

Question 18

What sac is formed as a result of rotation of the gut?

Answer 18

Lesser sac

Question 19

Where is the lesser sac located?

Answer 19

Smaller, lies behind the stomach, liver, lesser omentum and part of the greater omentum

Question 20

How does the lesser sac communicate w/ the greater sac?

Answer 20

epiploic foramen

Question 21

What is the mesentery?

Answer 21

A two layered fold of peritoneum that attaches part of the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall and permits the intestine to be mobile. It also serves as CONDUIT for blood vessels and nerves attached to the organ.

Question 22

What are examples of mesentery?

Answer 22

Mesentery of the sml intesetine
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 23

What is the omentum?

Answer 23

Two layered fold of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to another organ

Question 24

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 24

Stomach to transverse colon; four layers and potential space

Question 25

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 25

Stomach to liver

Question 26

What are the peritoneal ligaments?

Answer 26

Two layerd fold of pertioneum that attaches a less mobile, solid viscera to the abodominal wall or other organs

Question 27

What attaches the liver to the abdominal wall?

Answer 27

Falciform ligament

Question 28

What attaches the spleen to the posterior wall at the level of hte kidney?

Answer 28

lienorenal ligament

Question 29

What attaches the liver to the inferior diaphragm?

Answer 29

Triangular ligament

Question 30

Mesenteries or ligaments that extend from the ANTERIOR body wall are derived from...

Answer 30

ventral mesentery

Question 31

Mesenteries or ligaments taht extend from the POSTERIOR body wall are derived from...

Answer 31

dorsal mesentery

Question 32

What are retroperitoneal or extraperitoneal organs?

Answer 32

Ones that develop OUTSIDE the peritoneal cavity *viscera are covered w/ peritoneum and have NO free mesenteries are retroperitoneal

Question 33

What is the falciform ligament?

Answer 33

A double layer of peritoneum extends between the anteiror abdominal wall and the anterior surface of the liver

Question 34

What does the falciform ligament enclose?

Answer 34

Ligamentum teres (remnant of the FETAL LEFT UMBILICAL VEIN)

Question 35

What does hte right lamina of the falciform ligament form?

Answer 35

Anteiror layer of the coronary ligament | Right triangular

Question 36

What does the posterior layer of the coronary ligament enclose?

Answer 36

The bare area of the liver

Question 37

What forms the left triangular ligament?

Answer 37

The left lamina of the falciform ligament

Question 38

What forms the lesser omentum?

Answer 38

2 layers of visceral peritoneum reflecting off of the liver forming a ligament between the liver and stomach and liver and duodenum

Question 39

What are hte subdivisions of the lesser omentum?

Answer 39

1. Hepatoduodenal ligament | 2. hepatogastric ligament

Question 40

What is the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Answer 40

porta hepatis to the first inch of duodenum

Question 41

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament enclose?

Answer 41

Portal triad 1. common bile duct 2. hepatic artery 3. portal vein

Question 42

What forms the anterior border of the epiploic foramen?

Answer 42

Hepatogastric ligament

Question 43

What is the hepatogastric ligament?

Answer 43

Encloses the right and left gastric arteries Extends from the fissure of the ligamentum venosum near the porta hepatis to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 44

What does hte great omentum cover?

Answer 44

It extends INFERIORLY from the greater curvature of the STOMACH over the coils of intestine then doubles up on itself to form a four layered structure that attaches to the TRANSVERSE COLON.

Question 45

What are the three parts of the greater omentum?

Answer 45

gastrocolic gastrosplenic gastrophrenic

Question 46

What encloses the right and left gastroepiploic vessels?

Answer 46

The greater omentum

Question 47

What extends from the hilus of the spleen to the fundus of hte stomach?

Answer 47

Gastrosplenic ligament

Question 48

What does hte gastrosplenic ligament enclose?

Answer 48

Short gastric vessels

Question 49

What extends from the parietal peritoneum over the kidney to the hilus of the spleen?

Answer 49

Splenorenal ligament

Question 50

What encloses the splenic vessels?

Answer 50

Splenorenal ligament

Question 51

What extends from the posterior abdominal wall and suspends the transverse colon?

Answer 51

Transverse mesocolon

Question 52

What does the transverse mesocolon enclose?

Answer 52

middle colic vessels (branches of the superior mesenteric a.)

Question 53

What exetends from the posterior abdominal wall and suspends the sigmoid colon?

Answer 53

Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 54

What does the sigmoid colon enclose?

Answer 54

sigmoid colon vessels (branches of the INFERIOR mesenteric a.)

Question 55

Where is the mesentery of the small intestine?

Answer 55

It extends about 15 cm diagonally along the posterior abdominal wall from the cecum to the duodenojejunal flexure.

Question 56

What does the mesentery of the small intestine suspend?

Answer 56

Jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall

Question 57

What encloses the intestinal and ileocolic vessels?

Answer 57

Mesentery of the small intestine

Question 58

What are the peritoneal recesses?

Answer 58

spaces and channels defined by the peritoneum as it drapes over organs

Question 59

Why is the clinical importance of peritoneal recesses?

Answer 59

Provide a route for pooling or flow of ascitic fluids, spread of cancer cells and infection

Question 60

What are the channels w/in the peritoneal sac that lie lateral to the ascending and descending colon respectively?

Answer 60

Right and left paracolic gutters

Question 61

Where are the right and left infracolic spaces?

Answer 61

Lie on either side of the root of the mesentery. The right infracolic is a closed space.

Question 62

What is the hepatorenal recess?

Answer 62

A potential space bounded by the liver, R kidney, duodenum and colon. It represents the lowest point in the peritoneal cavity when the individual is supine.

Question 63

What is the subphrenic recesses?

Answer 63

Bounded by the liver, falciform ligament and anterior abdominal wall. Abscesses in this recess may penetrate the diaphragm.

Question 64

Where is the peritoneum located in reroperitoneal organs?

Answer 64

On the anterior surface

Question 65

What does primary retroperitoneal refer to?

Answer 65

An organ's development entirely OUTSIDE the peritoneum

Question 66

What organs are primary retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 66

1. kidneys, suprarenal glands, uterus, urinary bladder 2. aorta and IVC 3. Lumbar plexus and branches

Question 67

What does secondary retroperitoneal refer to?

Answer 67

An organ's development IN hte peritoneal cavity that later becomes retroperitoneal

Question 68

What organs are secondary retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 68

Duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon

Question 69

What are organs called that remain w/in and develop in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 69

Intraperitoneal

Question 70

What innervates the parietal peritoneum? What are they sensitive to?

Answer 70

Somatic afferent fibers (pain, touch, pressure) 1. Intercostal and subcostal nerves (T7-T12) 2. Phrenic nerves 3. Lumbar nerve (L1)

Question 71

What innervates the visceral peritoneum? What are they sensitive to?

Answer 71

Visceral afferent fibers running with the ANS (sensitive to distention--> leads to the sensation of pain) *Diffuse sensation that is difficult to localize

Question 72

What are the functions of hte peritoneum?

Answer 72

1. Secrete serous fluid (ensure mobility of viscera) 2. Fat storage 3. Conduit for lymphatic, blood vessels and nerves

Question 73

What happens to particulate matter that is introduced into the lower part of the peritoneal cavity and what does that indicate?

Answer 73

It reaches the SUBPHRENIC SPACES rabidly, no matter what position the body is in This indicates that there is continuous intraperitoneal movement of fluid toward the diaphragm where it is absorbed into the lymphatics.

Question 74

What is peritonitis?

Answer 74

Inflammation of the peritoneum (general or localized) which results in accumulation of serous fluid (ASCITES)

Question 75

How do peritoneal coverings wall off infections?

Answer 75

They can stick together in areas of infection