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Chemistry 101 COPY > Acid/Base Reactions > Flashcards

Acid/Base Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

How do we draw the movement of one electron (radical)?

A

With a one-sided arrow.

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2
Q

What is covalent electron movement shown by?

A

A double-sided arrow

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3
Q

Why is covalent electron movement shown by a double-sided arrow?

A

Because two electrons are moving

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4
Q

What is the relationship between nucleophiles and electrophiles?

A

Nucleophiles are always attacking electrophiles

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5
Q

What is the mechanism for an acid/base reaction?

A

HA ⇔ A- + H+

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6
Q

For most acid/base reactions, is the activation energy high or low?

A

Low

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7
Q

For most acid/base reactions, is the ΔG energy high or low?

A

Low

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8
Q

What does it mean that acid/base reactions have a low activation energy and ΔG?

A

They occur easily with no requirement of heat

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9
Q

How is a bond-breaking arrow drawn?

A

From the middle of the bond to the most electronegative atom in the bond.

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10
Q

Why are bond-breaking arrows drawn from the middle of the bond to the most electronegative atom in the bond?

A

This represents the electrons moving to the more electronegative atom.

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11
Q

How do we determine how many arrows are required when showing how reactions occur?

A

You need an arrow for every bond that is forming and every bond that is breaking

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12
Q

`What direction do bond-forming arrows point?

A

They always starts at the nucleophile and go towards the electrophile (in separate compounds)

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13
Q

`What direction do bond-breaking arrows point?

A

They always go from the middle of the bond to the more electronegative atom (of one compound)

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14
Q

What is an easy way to identify the nucleophile?

A

It has spare electrons

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15
Q

What is an easy way to identify the electrophile?

A

It doesn’t have spare electrons

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16
Q

Can you have an electrophile attached directly to a nucleophile?

A

No

17
Q

What bond must break in a reaction?

A

The bond the electrophile was part of.

18
Q

How do you show a reaction mechanism?

A

Use a reaction coordinate diagram and include the compounds present in each step (beginning, end and each transition state)

19
Q

How many types of arrows are there in acid-base chemistry?

A

Two.

20
Q

What are the two types of arrows are there in acid-base chemistry?

A

Bond-forming

Bond-breaking

21
Q

Is the base the electrophile or the nucleophile?

A

The nucleophile

22
Q

What are the three steps for showing how a reaction occurs?

A

Identify the δ+ and δ- regions

Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile

Draw arrows to show how the reaction occurred

23
Q

What type of atoms should always be crossed out when using acid/base reactions?

A

Group I Atoms

Chemistry 101 COPY (32 decks)

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