Acids and redox

Question 1

What must redox reactions balance in?

Answer 1

Electrons transferred (changes in oxidation numbers )

Question 2

What is a proton acceptor?

Answer 2

A substance that accepts H+ ions

Question 3

What is a proton donor?

Answer 3

A substance that donates/ releases H+ ions

Question 4

What’s the difference between alkalis and bases?

Answer 4

Alkali is a base (accepts H+) that dissolves in water to release OH-

Question 5

Name types of bases

Answer 5

Metal oxides
Metal carbonates
Metal hydroxides
Alkalis

Question 6

Describe neutralisation

Answer 6

When H in acid is replaced by metal or ammonium ion

Acid + base= salt + water

Question 7

Acid + carbonate=?

Answer 7

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 8

Acid + metal oxide=?

Answer 8

Salt + water

Question 9

Name and give formula of common acids

Answer 9

Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)

Nitric acid (HNO3)

Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Question 10

Name and give formula for common bases

Answer 10

Metal oxide (MgO)

Metal hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

Metal carbonate (CaCO3)

Alkali (KOH)

Question 11

What ways can you calculate water of crystallisation?

Answer 11

By subtracting M of anhydrous salt from M of hydrated compound and dividing it by 18 (M of H2O)

Finding ratio of moles

Question 12

What is the water of crystallisation?

Answer 12

The water that is bonded within the crystalline structure of a hydrated compound

Question 13

Define concordant results

Answer 13

Results within o.1 dm3

Question 14

Define titre

Answer 14

Minimum volume of solution needed to reach end point in a titration

Question 15

What is a standard solution ?

Answer 15

A solution of known concentration

Question 16

How do you prepare a standard solution?

Answer 16

?

Question 17

Metal hydroxide + acid =?

Answer 17

Salt + water

Question 18

What occurs during the neutralisation between an acid and ammonia ?

Answer 18

Ammonia accepts H+ to become ammonium ion (to form ammonium salt)

Question 19

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation?

Answer 19

H+. + OH- = H2O

Question 20

What’s the difference between sodium hydrogen carbonate (1) and sodium hydrocarbonate (2)?

Answer 20

1) Na H C

2) Na H O C

Question 21

What do ions ending in ate always have?

Answer 21

Oxygen

Question 22

What are oxidation numbers?

Answer 22

A measure of how oxidised a molecule is

Question 23

What’s the ON of a pure element ?

Answer 23

0

Question 24

What’s the difference between ionic charge and ON?

Answer 24

Ionic charge = sign after

ON = sign before

Question 25

What is the ON of monoatomic ions?

Answer 25

Same as charge

Question 26

What is the ON of F H and O in compounds?

Answer 26

F= -1 H= +1 O= -2

Question 27

What does anhydrous mean?

Answer 27

Without water of crystallisation

Question 28

What is oxonium?

Answer 28

H30+

Question 29

Give bronstead-lowry definition of acid

Answer 29

Proton donator

Question 30

Give bronstead-lowry definition of base

Answer 30

Proton acceptor

Question 31

Define strong acid and alkali

Answer 31

Fully dissociate to release H+/OH-

Question 32

How do you prepare a standard solution?

Answer 32

``` N=cv to find moles of substance needed N=m/M to find mass needed Dissolve in water in beaker Add to volumetric flask (set volume) Add rinsings (distilled water) Top up until miniscus is on line ```

Question 33

Name equipment of titration

Answer 33

``` Pipette and pipette filler Conical flask Burette White tile Single indicator Funnel ```

Question 34

What are the exceptions to the oxidation number rules?

Answer 34

H in metal hydride = - 1 | O in peroxides =-1

Question 35

What do you remove in an ionic equation?

Answer 35

Spector ions | don't change state

Question 36

What's the difference between ionic and half equations?

Answer 36

Ionic show overall change Half show gain/loss of electrons

Question 37

Why are reading take on titrations rounded +/- 0.005?

Answer 37

More accurate

Question 38

Name for solution of known and unknown concentration

Answer 38

Known= standard solution Unknown = analyte

Question 39

Metal + acid =?

Answer 39

Salt + hydrogen