Transition Elements

Question 1

Properties of d block elements

Answer 1

Typical metal

Durable
Maleable
Conduct
High melting and boiling point
Shiny
Ductile

Question 2

How do transition metal ions always form

Answer 2

Lose electrons from 4s orbital

Question 3

What makes a d block element a transition element

Answer 3

Able to form multiple ions with partially filled 3d orbitals

Question 4

What d block elements are not transition elements and why

Answer 4

Zn and Sc

Form ions with half filled or full 3d subshell

Question 5

What are the properties of transition elements

Answer 5

Compounds with different colours

Ions with diff oxidation states

Act as catalysts

Question 6

How does the number of possible oxidation states vary across the d block

Answer 6

Increases from ti to Mn

Decreases from Mn to cu

Question 7

What ion do all transition elements form

Answer 7

2+

Question 8

Why do transition metals form coloured compounds

Answer 8

Ions formed with partially filled 3d subshell

Question 9

Give examples of transition elements acting as catalysts

Answer 9

Hydrogenation Ni
Haber process Fe
Decomposition of h2o2 Mno2
Contact process v2o5

Question 10

Give example of homogenous catalyst and why it occurs

Answer 10

Iron Catalyses thiosulphate and iodide reaction

Ions are both negetive so repel so high activation energy

Fe2+ is reacted with thiosulphate ions and are regenerated with I-

Question 11

Define a complex ion

Answer 11

When one or more molecules or negetive ions bond datively to a central metal ion

Question 12

Define ligand

Answer 12

Molecule or ion that donates a lone pair to a central metal ion forming dative bond

Question 13

Define coordination number

Answer 13

Number of dative bonds to central metal ion

Question 14

Prefix of chlorine ligand

Answer 14

Chloro

Question 15

Prefix of cyanide ligand

Answer 15

Cyano

Question 16

Prefix of hydroxide ligand

Answer 16

Hydroxo

Question 17

Prefix of oxide ligand

Answer 17

Oxo

Question 18

Prefix of water ligand

Answer 18

Aqua

Question 19

Prefix of ammonia ligand

Answer 19

Ammine

Question 20

Define mono and bidentate ligand

Answer 20

One or two lone pairs donated per molecule of ligand

Question 21

Most common bidentate ligands

Answer 21

1,2-diaminoethane

Ethanedioate (oxaloacete ion)

Question 22

Describe how oxygen is Transported using haemoglobin

Answer 22

Oxygen binds to iron ion ligand substitution with H2O or co2

Question 23

Shape of complex ion with coordinationumber of 6

Answer 23

Octahedral

120 90

Question 24

Shape of complex ion with coordinationumber of 4

Answer 24

Tetrahedral or Square planar

109.5 or 90

Question 25

Shape of complex ion with coordinationumber of 2

Answer 25

Linear | 180

Question 26

What stereoisomerism can form in complex ions

Answer 26

Cis and trans Optical in octahedral

Question 27

Explain how platin complex ions can be used to treat cancer

Answer 27

Bind to DNA in cancer cells preventing cell growth

Question 28

What colour are aqueous 2 +copper ions

Answer 28

Blue

Question 29

In precipitation and ligand substitution reactions NH3 is used, how is it used in each.

Answer 29

Precipitation = Dilute and small volume = acts as base Ligand substitution = excess conc NH3 = substitutes aqua ligands

Question 30

Colour of tetra aqua dihydroxo copper precipitate

Answer 30

blue solid

Question 31

Colour tetra ammine diaqua copper solution

Answer 31

Dark blue solution

Question 32

Compared the size of chloro and aqua ligands and why it matters

Answer 32

Cl- larger than H2O Only 4 Cl fit per 6 H2O

Question 33

Colour of tetra chloro copper solution

Answer 33

Yellow

Question 34

Colour of cr3+ aq

Answer 34

Violet Green with h2so4

Question 35

Colour tri aqua tri hydroxo chromium precipitate

Answer 35

Green grey

Question 36

Colour hexa ammine chromium aq

Answer 36

Purple

Question 37

How can you tell if a complex ion is a precipitate or solution

Answer 37

No charge = solid Charged = aq

Question 38

Which transition metal hydroxides. Are soluble in excess alkali

Answer 38

Chromium

Question 39

Colour fe 2+ aq

Answer 39

Green

Question 40

Colour fe(oh) 2 solid

Answer 40

Green

Question 41

Colour fe3+

Answer 41

Yellow

Question 42

Colour fe(oh) 3 solid

Answer 42

Orange brown precipitate

Question 43

Colour tetra aqua di hydroxo iron solid

Answer 43

Green

Question 44

Mn 2+ colour

Answer 44

Pink

Question 45

Terta aqua di hydroxo manganese solid colour

Answer 45

Light brown

Question 46

How many ethandioate surround a metal ion

Answer 46

3

Question 47

How many EDTA fit around a metal ion

Answer 47

1

Question 48

What can be used to oxidise iron, what colour change is observed

Answer 48

Manganese oxide ions Purple to colourless

Question 49

What can be used to reduce iron ions and what colour chnage is observed

Answer 49

Iodide ions Yellow to pale green Brown of iodine obscures change

Question 50

What can be used to reduce cr2o7 2- ions to what

Answer 50

Zinc powder To cr3+ and further to cr2+ Orange to green to pale blue

Question 51

What can be used to oxidise cr3+ ions and what colour change is there

Answer 51

Hot alkaline hydrogen peroxide Green to orange

Question 52

What can be used to reduce copper ions (cu2+) | Colour change

Answer 52

Iodide ions Pale blue to white precipitate (CuI) Iodide is brown so obscures colour change

Question 53

How can copper ions be disproportionated

Answer 53

Using hot Dilute sulphuric acid