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Chemistry > Transition Elements > Flashcards

Transition Elements Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of d block elements

A

Typical metal

Durable
Maleable
Conduct
High melting and boiling point
Shiny
Ductile
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2
Q

How do transition metal ions always form

A

Lose electrons from 4s orbital

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3
Q

What makes a d block element a transition element

A

Able to form multiple ions with partially filled 3d orbitals

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4
Q

What d block elements are not transition elements and why

A

Zn and Sc

Form ions with half filled or full 3d subshell

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5
Q

What are the properties of transition elements

A

Compounds with different colours

Ions with diff oxidation states

Act as catalysts

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6
Q

How does the number of possible oxidation states vary across the d block

A

Increases from ti to Mn

Decreases from Mn to cu

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7
Q

What ion do all transition elements form

A

2+

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8
Q

Why do transition metals form coloured compounds

A

Ions formed with partially filled 3d subshell

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9
Q

Give examples of transition elements acting as catalysts

A

Hydrogenation Ni
Haber process Fe
Decomposition of h2o2 Mno2
Contact process v2o5

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10
Q

Give example of homogenous catalyst and why it occurs

A

Iron Catalyses thiosulphate and iodide reaction

Ions are both negetive so repel so high activation energy

Fe2+ is reacted with thiosulphate ions and are regenerated with I-

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11
Q

Define a complex ion

A

When one or more molecules or negetive ions bond datively to a central metal ion

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12
Q

Define ligand

A

Molecule or ion that donates a lone pair to a central metal ion forming dative bond

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13
Q

Define coordination number

A

Number of dative bonds to central metal ion

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14
Q

Prefix of chlorine ligand

A

Chloro

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15
Q

Prefix of cyanide ligand

A

Cyano

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16
Q

Prefix of hydroxide ligand

A

Hydroxo

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17
Q

Prefix of oxide ligand

A

Oxo

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18
Q

Prefix of water ligand

A

Aqua

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19
Q

Prefix of ammonia ligand

A

Ammine

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20
Q

Define mono and bidentate ligand

A

One or two lone pairs donated per molecule of ligand

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21
Q

Most common bidentate ligands

A

1,2-diaminoethane

Ethanedioate (oxaloacete ion)

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22
Q

Describe how oxygen is Transported using haemoglobin

A

Oxygen binds to iron ion ligand substitution with H2O or co2

23
Q

Shape of complex ion with coordinationumber of 6

A

Octahedral

120 90

24
Q

Shape of complex ion with coordinationumber of 4

A

Tetrahedral or Square planar

109.5 or 90

25
Q

Shape of complex ion with coordinationumber of 2

A

Linear

180

26
Q

What stereoisomerism can form in complex ions

A

Cis and trans

Optical in octahedral

27
Q

Explain how platin complex ions can be used to treat cancer

A

Bind to DNA in cancer cells preventing cell growth

28
Q

What colour are aqueous 2 +copper ions

A

Blue

29
Q

In precipitation and ligand substitution reactions NH3 is used, how is it used in each.

A

Precipitation = Dilute and small volume = acts as base

Ligand substitution = excess conc NH3 = substitutes aqua ligands

30
Q

Colour of tetra aqua dihydroxo copper precipitate

A

blue solid

31
Q

Colour tetra ammine diaqua copper solution

A

Dark blue solution

32
Q

Compared the size of chloro and aqua ligands and why it matters

A

Cl- larger than H2O

Only 4 Cl fit per 6 H2O

33
Q

Colour of tetra chloro copper solution

A

Yellow

34
Q

Colour of cr3+ aq

A

Violet

Green with h2so4

35
Q

Colour tri aqua tri hydroxo chromium precipitate

A

Green grey

36
Q

Colour hexa ammine chromium aq

A

Purple

37
Q

How can you tell if a complex ion is a precipitate or solution

A

No charge = solid

Charged = aq

38
Q

Which transition metal hydroxides. Are soluble in excess alkali

A

Chromium

39
Q

Colour fe 2+ aq

A

Green

40
Q

Colour fe(oh) 2 solid

A

Green

41
Q

Colour fe3+

A

Yellow

42
Q

Colour fe(oh) 3 solid

A

Orange brown precipitate

43
Q

Colour tetra aqua di hydroxo iron solid

A

Green

44
Q

Mn 2+ colour

A

Pink

45
Q

Terta aqua di hydroxo manganese solid colour

A

Light brown

46
Q

How many ethandioate surround a metal ion

A

3

47
Q

How many EDTA fit around a metal ion

A

1

48
Q

What can be used to oxidise iron, what colour change is observed

A

Manganese oxide ions

Purple to colourless

49
Q

What can be used to reduce iron ions and what colour chnage is observed

A

Iodide ions

Yellow to pale green

Brown of iodine obscures change

50
Q

What can be used to reduce cr2o7 2- ions to what

A

Zinc powder

To cr3+ and further to cr2+

Orange to green to pale blue

51
Q

What can be used to oxidise cr3+ ions and what colour change is there

A

Hot alkaline hydrogen peroxide

Green to orange

52
Q

What can be used to reduce copper ions (cu2+)

Colour change

A

Iodide ions

Pale blue to white precipitate (CuI)
Iodide is brown so obscures colour change

53
Q

How can copper ions be disproportionated

A

Using hot Dilute sulphuric acid

Chemistry (28 decks)

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