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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Define hydrocarbon

A

Compoud containing only hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

What is the name for a hydrocarbon that is straight or branched?

A

Aliphatic

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3
Q

What is the name for a hydrocarbon that is a ring shape?

A

Alicyclic

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4
Q

What is the name for a compound with 1+ benzene rings?

A

Aromatics

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5
Q

Define unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

Compound made of only carbon and hydrogen with 1+ carbon double bonds

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6
Q

Name the homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons

A

Alkane
Alkenes
Alkynes

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7
Q

Define homologous series

A

Group of compounds with same functional group so same chemical properties

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8
Q

Define alkyl

A

Branch, hydrocarbon with one H removed

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9
Q

What’s an ether?

A

Oxygen with carbon either side

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10
Q

Define molecular formula

A

Exact ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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11
Q

Define empirical formula

A

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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12
Q

Define general formula

A

Simplest algebraic formula to represent ratios of each atom of each element

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13
Q

Define displayed formula

A

Shows bonds and positions of atoms

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14
Q

Define structural formula

A

Smallest amount of detail needed to show arrangement (shows arrangement of groups)

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15
Q

Define skeletal formula

A

Just carbón skeleton and functional groups

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16
Q

Define structural isomers

A

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula

17
Q

How may two compounds be structural isomers but have different functional groups?

A

Same number of each atom present (but different arrangement due to different functional group)

18
Q

Define bond fission

A

Breaking of a covalent bond

19
Q

Define heterolytic fission

A

One atom in a covalent bond takes both shared electrons, producing two ions

20
Q

Define homolytic fission

A

Each atom takes one electron from the covalent bond resulting in two radicals (have unpaired electron)

21
Q

What conditions must be present for homolytic fission to occur in alkanes

A

UV radiation

22
Q

What is a reaction mechanism?

A

Equation showing how a reaction occurs via depicting movement of electrons using curly arrows

23
Q

What do curly arrows show?

A

Movement of electrons from donator to reciever

24
Q

Name the types of reactions that can occur with hydrocarbons

A

Addition
Substitution
Elimination

25
Q

Define Elimination reactions

A

Small molecule is removed from larger one

26
Q

Define substitution reactions

A

A (group of) atom(s) displaces a (group of) atom(s) in a larger molecule

27
Q

Define addition reactions

A

Two reactants combine to form one larger product

28
Q

Why are branched chains used in the petrochemical industry?

A

They combust more efficiently

Chemistry (28 decks)

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