Acne and Insect Bites Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
Prevalence of acne is significantly higher among…
A
females in all age groups compared to men
2
Q
What makes acne develop?
A
- hormonal triggers
- excessive sebum production
- growth of bacteria
- inflammatory responses
3
Q
What is a white head also called?
A
closed comedo
4
Q
What is a black head also called?
A
open comedo
5
Q
OTC medications are only used to treat…
A
closed and open comedones
6
Q
What are inflammatory acne?
A
- papules
- pustules
- nodules
- need rx to treat, so refer
7
Q
What are some exacerbating factors in acne?
A
- drug induced
- cosmetic
- occupational
- stress/emotional
- high-humidity/sweating
- hormones
- diet
8
Q
Which drugs can induce acne?
A
- pheytoin
- isoniazid
- moisturizers
- phenobarbital
- lithium
- ethionamide
- steroids
9
Q
Non-pharmacologic approaches to acne:
A
- wash face twice a day
- eliminate exacerbating factors of acne
- stay well hydrated
10
Q
How to properly wash your face:
A
- wash hands and remove makeup
- wet face with warm water
- apply cleanser with fingertips
- rub face for 1-2 minutes
- rinse with cold water
- pat dry
11
Q
OTC acne products:
A
- benzoyl peroxide
- salicylic acid
- sulfur
- adapalene 0.1%
12
Q
Which medication is the most commonly used one for acne?
A
benzoyl peroxide
13
Q
Benzoyl peroxide:
A
- has antibacterial properties
- used as cleanser or as spot treatment
14
Q
Benzoyl peroxide are available in concentrations of…
A
- 5-10%
- new users should start at 2.5%
15
Q
Counseling points for benzoyl peroxide:
A
- avoid contact w/ clothes/hair because can bleach it
- avoid sun exposure
- use sunscreen
- mild redness in beginning may occur
16
Q
Examples of benzoyl peroxide:
A
- PanOxyl
- Persa-Gel
- ProActive
17
Q
Salicylic acid:
A
- helps unclog pores by causing slight peeling
- less effective than benzoyl peroxide
- used as cleanser or as spot treatment
18
Q
Available concentrations of salicylic acid:
A
0.5%-2%
19
Q
Counseling points of salicylic acid:
A
- avoid sun exposure
- use sunscreen
20
Q
Sulfur:
A
- not used often due to chalky appearance/unpleasant odor
- not as effective as benzoyl peroxide
21
Q
Sulfur is usually combined with…
A
resorcinol
22
Q
Available concentrations of sulfur:
A
3-10%
23
Q
Sulfur should not be given to patients…
A
who are allergic to sulfa drugs
24
Q
Examples of salicylic acid:
A
- Neutrogena oil free wash
- OxyPads
25
Adapalene 0.1% is also known as...
Differin Gel
26
Adapalene 0.1% has...
retinoid
27
Counseling for adapalene 0.1%:
- apply QD all over face
| - comes as a moisturizer and cleanser
28
For acne treatments, don't expect...
complete resolution
| - should have an improvement in acne or decrease in severity
29
When is an acne treatment considered a failure?
after 6 weeks of adherence
30
What are the three types of lice?
- head
- body
- pubic
31
Head lice:
- most common
- spread through personal contact
- not a result of poor hygiene
32
Body lice:
- lives in clothing
| - usually occurs in those that don't shower or change clothes frequently
33
Pubic lice:
- high risk sexual contact
| - can be spread through toilet seats, shared undergarments, or bedding
34
RID (synergized pyrethrins) treatment for lice:
- approved for treating head and pubic lice
| - available as shampoos, foams, solutions, or gels
35
Counseling for RID treatment for lice:
- apply to affect areas for 10 min then rinse and follow with lice comb
- repeat treatment in 7-10 days
- can be used in > 2 months old
- increased resistance due to overuse
36
Nix (permethrins) treatment for lice:
- approved for treating head lice only
| - available as cream rinse
37
Counseling for Nix treatment for lice:
- apply to washed, towel dried hair and let sit for 10 min before rinsing and follow with lice comb
- repeat treatment in 7-10 days not required unless active lice is detected
- can be used in > 2 months old
- increased resistance due to overuse
38
Follow up for Nix and RID should occur within...
first 10 days
39
Sklice (ivermectin lotion 0.5%) treatment for lice:
- treats head lice only
- single use lotion on dry hair
- can be used in > 6 months old
40
Lice shield:
- repels head lice
- doesn't treat or kill head lice
- blend of natural essential oils
41
One should avoid _____ and ____ as lice treatments
- petroleum jelly
| - mayonnaise
42
Non-pharmacologic approaches to lice:
- appropriate hair combing
- home vacuuming of carpets, rugs, furniture
- clean personal items
- avoid direct physical contact w/ infected
- don't share combs, brushes, etc
- complete head shaving
43
What kind of bites can you not self-treat?
- scabies
- suspected spider bites
- history of tick bite w/ systemic effects
44
Non-pharmacologic patient counseling tips for bug bites:
- apply ice pack to bite area for up to 10 min
- avoid scratching area
- remove ticks with tweezers and clean area with rubbing alcohol
45
What concentration of insect repellents is preferred for children?
< 30%
| - not for children < 2 months old
46
Insect repellents should be applied every...
4-8H
47
Alternative products to insect repellents:
- citronella
- lemon eucalyptus oil
- tea tree oil
48
OTCs for bug bites and stings:
- local anesthetics
- topical antihistamines
- counterirritants
- hydrocortisone
49
Examples of local anesthetics:
- benzocaine (solarcaine/lanacane)
- pramoxine and benzyl alcohol (Itch-X)
- lidocaine
- dibucaine (Nupercainal)
- phenol
50
Which local anesthetics don't have adverse effects/skin irritation?
- pramoxine
| - benzyl alcohol
51
Example of topical antihistamines:
diphehydramine (Benadryl)
52
Example of counterirritants:
- camphor
- menthol
- brand: blue star and sarna
53
Example of hydrocortisone:
- Cortaid
| - Cortizone
54
Hydrocortisone should be used for...
minor skin irritations, itching, and rashes caused by dermatitis, insect bites, poison ivy/oak/sumac
55
Don't use hydrocortisone on...
fungal or bacterial infections
56
Self-treatment is appropriate for bug bites if the reaction is...
confined to site and patient is over 2 YO
57
Counseling points of analgesic medications:
- apply to bite TID or QID
- max of 7 days
- follow up after 7 days
