Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OTC > Essential Nutrients > Flashcards

Essential Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A has:

A

retinoids and carotenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vitamin A is dosed in…

A

mg retinol activity equivalent (RAE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Food sources for vitamin A:

A
  • carrots
  • broccoli
  • cantaloupe
  • squash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of vitamin A:

A
  • growth
  • development
  • specific eye health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Deficiency of vitamin A leads to…

A

rashes and changes in vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Precautions of vitamin A:

A
  • bone fractures
  • cancer (smokers)
  • hypervitaminosis A
  • teratogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vitamin D has two types:

A
  • Cholecalciferol (D3)

- ergocalciferol (D2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency for vitamin D:

A

renal/hepatic dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Food source of vitamin D:

A

milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of vitamin D in body:

A

bone/mineral homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Deficiency of vitamin D leads to…

A

loss of bone density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Precautions of vitamin D:

A
  • anorexia
  • kidney stones
  • tissue calcification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vitamin E is also known as…

A

tocopherol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin E are…

A

very rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1 mg of vitamin E = ______ IU

A

1.49

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Food sources of vitamin E:

A

fruits and veggies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of vitamin E:

A

acts as antioxidants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Precaution of vitamin E:

A

increased risk of heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vitamin K is also known as…

A

phytonadione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin K are…

A
  • bowel resection

- chronic antibiotic treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Food sources of vitamin K:

A

veggies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of vitamin K:

A

helps w/ blood clotting and bone metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Deficiency of vitamin K leads to…

A

unusual bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Potential drug reaction between _____ and vitamin K

A

warfarin b/c it’s an anticoagulant, so it can limit the ability of vitamin K to clot the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Vitamin C is also known as...
ascorbic acid
26
Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin C:
chronic inadequate intake
27
Dosage of vitamin C:
10 mg - 2 g (UL)
28
Food sources of vitamin C:
fruits and veggies
29
Function of vitamin C:
- collagen - dentin formation - aids in iron absorption
30
Deficiency of vitamin C leads to...
- scurvy - weakness - skin problems
31
Megadoses of vitamin C can cause...
- nausea - diarrhea - cramping
32
Vitamin B1 is also known as...
thiamine
33
Factors that increase the risk of vitamin B1:
- diet deficiency | - alcoholism
34
Food sources of vitamin B1:
- yeast - pork/beef - legumes
35
Function of vitamin B1:
generates E
36
Deficiency of vitamin B1 leads to...
increased output heart failure
37
T/F: there are no safety concerns for vitamin B1
T
38
Vitamin B2 is also known as...
riboflavin
39
Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin B2:
dietary deficiency
40
T/F: GI tract can only absorb 30 mg in a dose of vitamin B2
F, can only absorb 20 mg
41
Food sources of vitamin B2:
milk and dairy
42
Function of B2:
- body growth - RBC production - helps release E from protein
43
Deficiency of vitamin B2 leads to...
skin/mouth lesions
44
Precautions of vitamin B2:
none known
45
Vitamin B3 is also known as...
niacin
46
Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin B3:
- corn based diet | - alcoholism
47
Food sources of vitamin B3:
- beans - milk - meat - eggs
48
Function of B3:
precursor to NAD and NADP
49
Deficiency of vitamin B3 leads to...
- pellagra - loss of appetite - general weakness - rash
50
Precautions of vitamin B3:
- flushing | - rarely elevated LFTs
51
Vitamin B6 is also known as...
pyridoxine
52
Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin B6:
some medications can decrease the levels of B6 (ex: isoniazid)
53
Food sources of vitamin B6:
- legumes | - nuts
54
Function of vitamin B6:
co-factor in amino acid metabolism
55
Deficiency of vitamin B6 leads to...
- peripheral neuropathy - depression - confusion - seizures
56
Precautions of vitamin B6:
over 100 mg/dose can cause sensory neuropathy
57
Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of folate:
- dietary deficiency - absorption disorder - vegan diet
58
Food sources of folate:
- liver - spinach - greens
59
Function of folate:
coenzyme in purine/pyrimidine synthesis
60
Deficiency of folate leads to...
anemia
61
Dosage of folate:
250 micrograms daily
62
Nutrient deficiency causes...
- loss of senses | - lower absorption
63
Nutrient deficiency is caused by...
- inadequate diet intake - anorexia - nutrient poor foods - medications that affect appetite
64
Patients take vitamins to...
- improve health status | - maintain overall health
65
Risks of vitamins:
- exceeding tolerable upper intake levels - megadose: large doses, but can increase the risk of cancer - risk of interactions - individuals may replace medical screenings/care with vitamins
66
DRI stands for...
daily recommended intake
67
EAR stands for...
estimated average requirement
68
RDA stands for...
recommended daily allowance
69
AI stands for...
adequate intake
70
UL stands for...
upper intake level
71
DV stands for...
daily value
72
Examples of fat soluble vitamins:
ADKE
73
Fat soluble vitamins:
- absorbed in lymphatic system of small intestine - stored in body tissue - excess can be unsafe - have to be more cautious than water soluble ones
74
Fat soluble vitamin deficiencies occur when...
fat intake is limited or absorption is compromised
75
Water soluble vitamins:
- not stored in the body | - excess excreted in urine
76
Vitamin A megadoses lead to...
- malformations for kids (teratogen) - hypervitaminosis A - increased risk of bone fractures
77
Vitamin E megadoses lead to...
higher risk of heart failure/stroke
78
Vitamin D megadoses lead to...
- anorexia - hypercalcemia - increased risk of certain types of cancer
79
Vitamin A, C, E, and selenium combination is not helpful in...
cancer prevention | - could actually increase the risk
80
Def of vitamins:
nutrients that can't be synthesized in body in sufficient quantities and must be obtained through diet
81
Def of minerals:
inorganic elements essential for function of human body and are obtained through food
82
Def of trace elements:
elements required in minute quantities for physiological functioning (iodine)
83
Def of megadose:
- exceptionally high doses for greater than usual recommended dose

OTC (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions