acute and chronic illness

Question 1

CAUSES OF SUDDEN ILLNESS

Answer 1

• Degeneration
• Obstruction of hollow organs * Infection
• Congenital defects
• Neoplasm
• Environmental
• Endocrine disturbance
• Unknown / Obscure

Question 2

order of treatment for medical emergency

Answer 2

• Secure the scene
• Chief Complaint
• Primary Assessment
• EMS / 9-1-1 as needed
• History OPQRST, SAMPLE, FOCUSED
• Vitals baseline
• Secondary Assessment (as needed)

Question 3

how often to you re asses vital baseline for stable or unstable

Answer 3

stable: 15min
unstable: 5

Question 4

unresponsive patient order of treatment for medical emergency

Answer 4

EMS / 9-1-1 Unresponsive
* Primary Assessment
* Rapid Secondary (to rule out trauma)
* VITALS baseline (+ re-assess every 5 min)
* Obtain history from bystanders
* Obtain history from athlete ICE / Medical Form * Patient care on-going

Question 5

Mnemic: “AEIOU TIPS”

Answer 5

Allergy, Acidosis (hyperglycemic coma – diabetic)
* Epilepsy, Endocrine Problem, Electrolyte abnormality,
* Insulin (hypoglycemia)
* Overdose (or poisoning)
* Underdose (and other renal problems)
* Trauma, temperature abnormalities (hyper/hypo)
* Infection
* Psychogenic
* Stroke , space occupying lesion in cranium

Question 6

what is syncope

Answer 6

“FAINTING”
Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness typically due to a brief lack of blood flow to the brain. Normal blood flow to the brain is about 50ml/min, syncope occurs ↓30ml/min.

Question 7

s/s of syncope

Answer 7

Signs/Symptoms may include:
“Fainting” with/without warning.
Pale, cool skin
Moist skin, lightheaded, dizzy, weak, Nausea, vomiting.
May feel numbness/tingling in fingers/toes  Ventilatory Rate / Pulse Rate
etc…

Question 8

Normal blood flow to the brain is about _ml/min, syncope occurs ↓_ml/min.

Answer 8

50,30

Question 9

The most common reasons of syncope are from a

Answer 9

drop in blood pressure upon standing (orthostatic hypotension), from a vasovagal response (a form of neurocardiogenic syncope), or from the heart not pumping enough blood to the brain, from an arrythmia (heart temporarily beating too fast or too low), or a weak heart muscle (such as in congestive heart failure).

Question 10

Near syncope is the term for

Answer 10

“almost” having a syncope episode. This is where you feel like you “almost pass out”, and perhaps briefly get dizzy, lightheaded, woozy, and unsteady.

Question 11

SYNCOPE
Causes: Mnemic “CONSNOC”

Answer 11

cardiac
orthostatic
neurcardiogenic
seizure
neuropathic: paraneoplastic. chronic diabete, post-viral, neurogenerative, POTS
other (mechanical, glucose)
cerebrovascular

Question 12

Definitions: Paraneoplastic and
POTS

Answer 12

Paraneoplastic: affects from cancerous tumour POTS: postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Question 13

This is from low blood pressure which occurs when someone stands up from a lying or sitting position. It is often seen with dehydration or blood pressure medication doses that are too high.

Answer 13

orthostatic syncope
orthostatic intolerance is another term for this

Question 14

Structural can be outflow obstruction or low ejection fraction in CHF (congestive heart failure). Arrhythmia can be from the heart beating too fast (tachycardia) or too slow (bradycardia).

Answer 14

cardiac syncope

Question 15

This is your classic vasovagal response where there is a sudden decrease in heart rate followed by an abrupt drop in blood pressure leading to syncope and collapse (passing out, or fainting).

Answer 15

neurocardiogenic

Question 16

The physiologic mechanism for neurocardiogenic syncope can be triggered by several things

Answer 16

Vasovagal syncope classically occurs with a sudden scare (sees blood, intense pain, fright, etc.). Variants of the vasovagal response also include micturition or defecation syncope (think about the old lady who passed out after standing up from using the toilet, triggered by a large parasympathetic discharge), carotid hypersensitivity (think about the old guy shaving and becomes bradycardic by inadvertent carotid massage from pressing on the neck during shaving), and cough syncope or syncope with coughing.

Question 17

t/f. syncopal episodes are almost never from a seizure.

Answer 17

t

Question 18

his correlates to dysautonomia, also known as autonomic neuropathy. This is neuropathy involving the small nerve fibers that control heart rate, heart rhythm, blood pressure, gastrointestinal motility, sweating, and other things. The result is often a disconnect between blood pressure and heart rate where they are not working in synchronicity together, leading to symptoms such as syncope.

Answer 18

neuropathic syncope

Question 19

diabete is part of which cause of syncope

Answer 19

neuropathic

Question 20

what are the 2 common reason for inpatient neurology consultation

Answer 20

cerebrovascular syncope and seizure syncope

Question 21

Think posterior circulation and vertebrobasilar ischemia.assess for associated brainstem symptoms such as double vision, hemiparesis or hemisensory loss, slurred speech, vertigo, dysphagia, et

Answer 21

cerebrovascular syncope

Question 22

how to difference seizure from syncope

Answer 22

The presence of a cut tongue
*Lateral tongue bite (100% specificity for tonic clonic seizure)
*Patient has no recall of unusual behaviors before the loss of consciousness
*Muscle tone (increased tone more likely seizure
*Number of limb jerks – The 10:20 Rule: patients with witnessed >20 myoclonic jerks after sudden loss of consciousness is more likely seizure
*Head turning during event
*Unusual posturing during the event
*Absence of presyncope (eg: dizziness, lightheadness symptoms prior)
*History of epilepsy
*Post-ictal state (period between when seizure subsides and when patient returns to baseline, usually between 5 and 30 minutes, characterized by confusion, drowsiness, hypertension, headache, nausea, etc.)
*Urinary incontinence (not always reliable sign of seizure)

Question 23

how to difference syncope from seizure

Answer 23

SYNCOPE
*Loss of consciousness with prolonged sitting or standing
*Dyspnea before loss of consciousness
*Palpitations before loss of consciousness
*Muscle tone (decreased tone more likely syncope)
*Number of limb jerks - The 10:20 Rule: patients with witnessed <10 myoclonic jerks after sudden loss of consciousness is more like syncope.

Question 24

The 10:20 Rule: patients with witnessed <10 myoclonic jerks after sudden loss of consciousness is more like

he 10:20 Rule: patients with witnessed >20 myoclonic jerks after sudden loss of consciousness is more likely

Answer 24

syncope
seizure

Question 25

Approximately 90% of people who have a syncopal episode will have .

Answer 25

Approximately 90% of people who have a syncopal episode will have myoclonic jerks.

Question 26

Post-exertional syncope frequently occurs when

Answer 26

exercise is stopped suddenly and reduction of lower extremity muscle pumping results in less cardiac venous return and cardiac output. In such a circumstance, an acute increase in myocardial contractility can lead to activation of the cardiac depressor reflex inducing concomitant paradoxical bradycardia. As a result, the athlete may develop acute loss of postural tone, hypotension, and therefore transient global cerebral hypoperfusion – this is termed the Bezold-Jarisch reflex.

Question 27

what is Bezold-Jarisch reflex.

Answer 27

e athlete may develop acute loss of postural tone, hypotension, and therefore transient global cerebral hypoperfusion

Question 28

t/F. Syncope immediately post- exercise which occurs when the subject is still standing, is usually less concerning than syncope during exercise.

Answer 28

T

Question 29

what is the most common presentation, accounting for more than 85% of cases.

Answer 29

Syncope unrelated to exercise

Question 30

This form of syncope (frequently referred to as neurocardiogenic, or reflex or vasovagal syncope) is largely neurally mediated with poorly understood pathophysiology.

Answer 30

non-exercise related syncope

Question 31

vasovagal syncope, considered a benign condition, typically occurs when

Answer 31

going from a sitting to standing position, or experiencing fear or emotional distress with specific triggers such as sight of blood or trauma.

Question 32

situational syncope, as the name implies, tends to be reproducible with

Answer 32

certain behaviors or activities such as coughing, bearing down to pass stool, or micturition.

Question 33

Dehydration and reduced intravascular volume can induce a state of

Answer 33

rthostatic hypotension and induce a presyncopal event with many of the same prodromal features of reflex syncope but importantly no loss of consciousness.

Question 34

Syncope which occurs during exercise raises concern for

Answer 34

structural heart disease and can serve as the only symptom that precedes sudden cardiac death.

Question 35

The differential diagnosis for life-threatening causes of syncope in athletes includes:

Answer 35

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) * Anomalous coronary artery, * Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) * Ion channelopathies such as Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) or the Brugada Syndrome, * Pyocarditis, * Previously undiagnosed congenital heart disease such as noncompaction cardiomyopathy. * Although not necessarily associated with underlying native structural heart disease, commotio cordis is an important cause of syncope and is characterized by sudden cardiac death attributable to cardiac contusion from trauma to the precordium. * Heat stroke or hyponatremia must also be considered in patients with exercise related syncope.

Question 36

which type of diabetes is a childhood disease and need injection due to no insulin production

Answer 36

type 1

Question 37

which type of diabetes is a adult onset with little insulin production

Answer 37

type 2

Question 38

In Canada, a person who doesn’t have diabetes has normal blood glucose levels between

Answer 38

4.0 mmol/L and 7.0 mmol/L.

Question 39

glycémie criteria

Answer 39

blood sugar between 54 (3,0) mg/dl and 70 (3,9) mg/dl blood sugar less than 54 mg/dl (3,0 mmcl/L) an emergency where you need help from someone else to recover (no blood sugar level has been defined)

Question 40

NORMAL GLUCOSE RANGES: Fasting blood glucose (sugar)/ blood sugar before meals (mmol/L: Blood sugar two hours after eating (mmol/L):

Answer 40

4.0 to 7.0 5.0 to 10.0

Question 41

alternate choice of oral glucose

Answer 41

6 LifeSavers * 15-20 JellyBeans * 20-25 Skittles * 5-10 Mentos * 435 ml whole milk * 200ml of orange juice * 15g of glucose gel Stability snack: * cheese and crackers * 1/2 peanut butter sandwich

Question 42

how many gram of oral glucose to take with mild hypoglycemias

Answer 42

15g, so around 4 tablet

Question 43

who can use glucagon for low blood sugar

Answer 43

paramedic, HCP, trained guardian by nasal spray or injection

Question 44

effect of insulin

Answer 44

Twoeffects: -increase sugar uptake by cells -accelerates process by which sugar is stored in the liver/muscles.

Question 45

Altered relationship between blood glucose & insulin Poor monitoring can lead to...

Answer 45

1. DIABETIC COMA (Hyperglycemia-elevated blood sugar) - Develops slowly if not enough insulin is taken. Diabetic ketoacidosis develops as alternate energy sources (fats) are used, producing waste products. 2. INSULIN SHOCK (Hypoglycemia-low blood sugar)) - develops quickly if too much insulin is taken without enough food, causes ↓ blood sugar level

Question 46

DIABETIC COMA PROBLEMS:

Answer 46

Starving in a sea of sugar” -Inadequate insulin supply -Incomplete metabolism as sugars unable to cross cell membranes leading to:  blood sugar levels.  body fluid as  urine to flush out excess sugars

Question 47

cause of diabetic coma

Answer 47

Pancreas not producing enough insulin -Patient has not taken enough insulin -Patient has overeaten,  sugar for available insulin -Infection/illness affects insulin production Hypovolemic shock and ketoacidosis develops

Question 48

DIABETIC COMA SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Answer 48

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *  Urination (polyuria)  Thirst (polydipsia) due to dehydration, warm dry skin Dehydration  Hunger (polyphagia) ↑ appetite , lacks nutrients Nausea , vomiting, leading to increased dehydration  Pulse (tachycardia) BP Kussmauls respirations; deep & rapid to blow off CO2 Red ,dry, warm skin and dry mucous membranes Sweet /, fruity acetone odor on breath ( like alcohol) Confused, slurred speech ,delayed responsiveness Fever Double vision Eventual coma due to blood acid imbalances Progressive over hours to days. Death if not treated.

Question 49

what to do with diabetic coma if person is conscious

Answer 49

If not sure hyper vs hypo glycemia (no glucometry): Give ORAL GLUCOSE 15g (easily digestible): glucose paste/gel on mucous membranes coke, orange juice, apple juice, etc. Patient should start to feel better within 5-15 minutes. If not better refer to further care depending on urgency of symptoms

Question 50

what to do with diabetic coma If person is unconscious

Answer 50

If not sure hyper vs hypo glycemia (no glucometry): Give ORAL GLUCOSE 15g (easily digestible): glucose paste/gel on mucous membranes coke, orange juice, apple juice, etc. Patient should start to feel better within 5-15 minutes. If not better refer to further care depending on urgency of symptoms

Question 51

diabetic coma is a hypo or hyperglycemias

Answer 51

hyper

Question 52

insulin shock is a hypo or hyperglycemias

Answer 52

hypo

Question 53

which one between insulin or diabetic is more common

Answer 53

insulin shock

Question 54

problem with insulin shock

Answer 54

Hypoglycemia can lead to death as brain depends entirely on glucose for metabolism * Rapid onset

Question 55

cause of insulin shock

Answer 55

Took too much insulin * Not eating enough food * Exercising too much

Question 56

*Diabetics exhibiting unusual behaviors or neurological signs should be treated for

Answer 56

insulin shock

Question 57

INSULIN SHOCK SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Answer 57

Rapid onset of symptoms Weak, dizzy Skin cold ,clammy Altered consciousness Confused, nausea, vomit, Seizure, combative Uncoordinated, irritable, Nervous, drunk behavior, Coma

Question 58

INSULIN SHOCK (Hypoglycemia) TREATMENT conscious

Answer 58

If Glucometry available: Blood Glucose <3.3mmol/L 1.Give 15g of oral glucose in easy digestible form to  blood sugar levels. Monitor LOC and re-evaluate blood glucose in 15 minutes 2.Give a second dose of 15g if blood glucose still below 3.3 mmol/L and patient has good LOC and can tolerate another dose. 3. After 15 minutes if patient not improved / back to normal should be taken to hospital for further care to re- establish proper and exact insulin levels.

Question 59

If no glucometry and person not back to normal within a few minutes (max. _) should have

Answer 59

If no glucometry and person not back to normal within a few minutes (max. 15) should have blood work done in a hospital to re- establish proper and exact insulin levels.

Question 60

can you give insulin on the field

Answer 60

Never give insulin in the field as risk of overdose can be fatal. Exact dosage must be determined; thus risk is too high in the field once diabetic is in distress.

Question 61

*Never use insulin if blood sugar level is below.

Answer 61

*Never use insulin if blood sugar level is below 3.9mmol/L.

Question 62

INSULIN SHOCK (Hypoglycemia) TREATMENT * UNCONSCIOUS

Answer 62

UABC, 911, Maintain airway / Ventilations / O2 as required * Take blood glucose level if Glucometry available Do not give anything by mouth if unconscious (no gag) GLUCOSE Give 15g glucose gel through alternate mucous membrane Maintain ABC’s and prepare for transport GLUCAGON If trained, administer Glucagon IM / Nasal

Question 63

T/F Mild or moderate hypoglycemia can occur multiple times a month.

Answer 63

t

Question 64

Severe hypoglycemia is characterized by

Answer 64

Mild or moderate hypoglycemia can occur multiple times a month. Severe hypoglycemia is characterized by severe cognitive impairment, requiring external assistance for recovery, and can be extremely frightening for patients and caregivers.

Question 65

Severe hypoglycemia can result in

Answer 65

ardiovascular disease, seizure, coma, and, if left untreated, death. These severe hypoglycemic events can occur multiple times a year. Such events require emergency assistance from another person or caregiver such as a family member, friend, or co-worker.

Question 66

_ are two critical hormones in a glycemic control system that keep blood glucose at the right level in healthy individuals.

Answer 66

glucagon, insulin

Question 67

According to the American Diabetes Association, glucagon should be prescribed for all individuals at increased risk of clinically significant hypoglycemia, defined as blood glucose <

Answer 67

3.0 mmol/L

Question 68

An emergency glucagon injection kit includes:

Answer 68

A vial with glucagon powder. *A syringe with sterile water.

Question 69

How to give an emergency glucagon injection

Answer 69

1.Open the glucagon kit. There may be pictures on the inside of the plastic case or on a paper insert. Read and follow the instructions that come with the kit. 2.Take the cap off of the glass vial with the glucagon powder (see Figure 3.Pick up the prefilled syringe and remove the needle cover. 4.Push the needle into the center of the rubber stopper. Slowly push down on the syringe plunger to inject all the liquid into the glass vial (see Figure Do not remove the needle from the vial. 5.Gently shake or roll the vial to mix it. Hold the vial and syringe in one hand with the vial on top and syringe on bottom (see Figure 4 Mix until all the powder is completely dissolved. The solution should be clear and colorless. You may see bubbles from mixing, this is normal. Do not use the medication if it’s cloudy or you see solid particles that do not go away after Call 911 right away. 6) Keep holding the vial and syringe with the vial on top and the syringe on bottom. Move the tip of the needle towards the bottom of the vial near the rubber stopper (see Figure 5). Pull back on the plunger of the syringe to fill the syringe with all the medication in the vial. If there is air at the top of the syringe, gently push the plunger to remove it. 7.Choose an injection site. You can inject glucagon into the top of the thigh (upper leg), outer buttock area, or upper outer arm. Clean the site with an alcohol swab, if you have one. 8.Inject the glucagon into the muscle. Insert the needle into the skin in one quick motion at a 90-degree angle (straight up and down). Use your thumb to push the plunger all the way down to inject the medication (see Figure 6). Only inject the glucagon through the person’s clothing if you cannot remove the clothing from the injection site quickly.

Question 70

What to do after giving someone an emergency glucagon treatment

Answer 70

After the injection, roll the person onto their side. Glucagon sometimes causes people to vomit, turning them onto their side will help keep them from choking. Call 911 for an ambulance. * Check the person’s blood sugar level 15 minutes after the treatment. An unconscious person will usually wake up within 15 minutes.

Question 71

What to do after giving someone an emergency glucagon treatment if the person is awake after 15min

Answer 71

If their blood sugar is still below 3.9 mmol/L, follow the rule of 15/15. * If their blood sugar is 3.0 mmol/L or higher, have them eat a snack or next meal within one hour. This will help stop their blood sugar from dropping again. A small snack may include one of the following: * Peanut butter or cheese with 4 to 5 crackers. * Half of a sandwich and 4 ounces of milk. * A single-serve container of Greek yogurt.

Question 72

Treatment for low blood sugar emergencies

Answer 72

BAQSIMI - Dry Nasal Spray

Question 73

when can you use dry nasal spray BAQSIMI

Answer 73

SEVERE HYPOGLYCEMIA in people with diabetes aged 4 years and older

Question 74

characteristic of BAQSIMI dry nasal spray

Answer 74

*Dry nasal powder form of glucagon *No inhalation required—absorbed passively in the nose *Single, fixed 3 mg dose *Ready to use with no reconstitution or priming *Does not need to be refrigerated, store at temperatures up to 86°F (30°C) in the shrink-wrapped tube provided. BAQSIMI can be used for 2 years from the date of manufacture. Check the expiration date before use. INDICATION BAQSIMI® is indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes ages 4 years and above.

Question 75

what is The first and only dry nasal spray to treat very low blood sugar.

Answer 75

BAQSIMI

Question 76

When to use NASAL GLUCAGON (BAQSIMI)

Answer 76

If blood sugar drops from low (mild or moderate) to very low (severe).  BAQSIMI should be used for very low blood sugar emergencies when the patient is unable to eat or drink and needs help from someone else.  Some signs of a very low blood sugar emergency are feeling dizzy, shaking, sweating, having difficulty thinking or speaking, losing coordination, losing consciousness.

Question 77

who can use nasal glucagon

Answer 77

Family / Caregivers / Friends / HCP can help with BAQSIMI in pre-hospital setting (conscious or unconscious situations).

Question 78

what to do if a diabetic person is in hypo and can't eat or drink

Answer 78

use Emergency Glucagon

Question 79

An emergency glucagon treatment is a

Answer 79

medication used to treat severe hypoglycemia. The liver stores sugar to use as energy or to raise low blood sugar. * An emergency glucagon treatment tells the liver to release the sugar into the bloodstream. This helps raise the blood sugar back to normal levels (3.9mmol/L).

Question 80

Never use insulin if the blood sugar level is below

Answer 80

3.9 mmol/L

Question 81

caution with nasal glucagon

Answer 81

do not press the plunger until ready to give the dose

Question 82

how to know when the dose of nasal glucagon is complete

Answer 82

when green line disappears

Question 83

what to do after using BAQSIMI

Answer 83

Call for emergency medical help right away *If the person is unconscious, turn the person on their side *Throw away the used Device and Tube *Encourage the person to eat as soon as possible. When they are able to safely swallow, give the person a fast-acting source of sugar, such as juice. Then encourage the person to eat a snack, such as crackers with cheese or peanut butter *If the person does not respond after 15 minutes, another dose may be given, if available

Question 84

can you deliver a second dose of nasal glucagon

Answer 84

*If the person does not respond after 15 minutes, another dose may be given, if available

Question 85

Storage and handling of glucagon

Answer 85

*Do not remove Shrink Wrap or open the Tube until you are ready to use *Store BAQSIMI in the Shrink-Wrapped Tube at temperatures up to 86oF (30oC) *Replace BAQSIMI before the expiration date printed on the Tube or carton

Question 86

Types of Seizures

Answer 86

GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC SeizuresPARTIAL Seizures ABSENCE Seizures FEBRILE Seizures

Question 87

stage of generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 87

.1 Aura (may experience unusual sensation/feeling) 2. Tonic (LOR, muscle rigidity) 3. Clonic (convulsions) 4.Postictal (diminished responsiveness, gradual recovery/confusion)

Question 88

what type of seizure is know as Grand mal

Answer 88

GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC Seizures

Question 89

GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC Seizures characteristic

Answer 89

*-a.k.a.: Grand Mal (most well known seizure) -involve both hemispheres of brain * -usually unresponsive -rarely last more than a few minutes (1-3 min) * -may have preceding aura

Question 90

what type of seizure is the most common type with epileptic

Answer 90

partial seizure

Question 91

characteristic of simple partial seizure

Answer 91

patient usually aware of surrounding

Question 92

characteristic of complex partial seizure

Answer 92

lasts longer (1-2 min) , patient awareness impaired or loss but remain responsive. usually don't remember and will be confused

Question 93

partial seizure usually involve

Answer 93

small area of one hemisphere *-can spread and become a generalized

Question 94

which type of seizure aka petit mal or non convulsive seizure

Answer 94

absence seizure

Question 95

S/S of absence seizure

Answer 95

Short period of unawareness, loss of orientation, confused day dreaming, staring into space minor myoclonic jerks may smell burnt toast often occurs before grand mal

Question 96

which type of seizure is most common in children and usually last only a few second

Answer 96

absence

Question 97

which type of seizure occur in infant/youg children < 5yrs old

Answer 97

febrile

Question 98

which type of seizure is brought on by rapid increase in body temp >39

Answer 98

febrile

Question 99

General Treatment for Seizures

Answer 99

1. prevent injury -move nearby object -protect from harm 2. Manage Airway - ideally side-lying

Question 100

As HCP on the field of play, if we are not yet equipped to provide further care, the patient should be placed on their _. Ideally, the face should also be _ allowing for drainage of the secretions.

Answer 100

As HCP on the field of play, if we are not yet equipped to provide further care, the patient should be placed on their side to protect the airway. Ideally, the face should also be tilted slightly down towards floor allowing for drainage of the secretions.

Question 101

Always important to take the _ pulse early on to ensure adequate circulation is present.

Answer 101

carotid

Question 102

tx of seizure

Answer 102

ABC’s, O2 - OAP if anticipated/protect airway - do not restrain movement, - time seizure activity - note seizure patterns, medic alert - prevent injury: protect head, move objects, - position: ideally side-lying - if known epileptic/single seizure: 2nd survey/rest

Question 103

when do you call 911 for a seizure

Answer 103

unknown epileptic, seizure lasts for more than a few minutes, multiple seizures, injured, pregnant, diabetic, cause unknown, infant/child, seizure in water, remains unconscious

Question 104

STATUS EPILEPTICUS

Answer 104

*-seizure lasting >5 min -series of seizures lasting >5 min without return to normal *-serious condition requiring rapid intervention/transport

Question 105

what is the position you put someone after the seizure stop

Answer 105

recovery position

Question 106

to give a full dose of seizure rescue nasal spray do you need to use both nasal spray that come with the pack

Answer 106

yes 1 dose=2 nasal spray