circulatory emergency

Question 1

what is the leading cause of death in young athlete

Answer 1

sudden cardiac arrest

Question 2

common cause of SCA in athlete

Answer 2

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (25%) Coronary artery anomalies (14%)
Commotio cordis: ventricular arrhythmia by blunt trauma (20%)

Question 3

what can be a trigger for ventricular arrhythmias in athletes with underlying heart disease.

Answer 3

vigorous exercise

Question 4

what is a TIA

Answer 4

A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a temporary “mini-stroke”. caused by a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Question 5

symptom of TIA

Answer 5

similar to an ischemic stroke except they go away in a
few minutes or hours (no more than 24 hours).

Question 6

tia is a important warning of what

Answer 6

that you may be at risk of having an ischemic stroke
in the future.

Question 7

what is a stroke

Answer 7

A stroke is a sudden loss of brain function. It is caused by the interruption of the flow of blood to the brain (an ischemic stroke) or the rupture of blood vessels in the brain (a hemorrhagic stroke).

Question 8

what is a thrombotic stroke

Answer 8

A thrombotic stroke is caused by a blood clot (thrombus) that forms in an artery going to the brain.

Question 9

what is embolic stroke

Answer 9

occurs when a brain artery is blocked by a clot that formed elsewhere in the body (an embolus) and is carried through the blood stream to the brain.

Question 10

what is an ischemic stroke

Answer 10

An ischemic stroke is the result of the interruption of the flow to blood to the brain by a blood clot.

Question 11

what is a hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 11

About 20% of strokes are hemorrhagic. A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by uncontrolled bleeding in the brain. As well as interrupting the normal flow of blood within the brain, the uncontrolled bleeding “floods” and kills brain cells.

Question 12

warning signs of stroke/TIA

Answer 12

Weakness - Sudden weakness, numbness or
tingling in the face, arm or leg.
Trouble Speaking - Sudden temporary loss of speech or understanding speech
Vision Problems - Sudden loss of vision, particularly in one eye or double vision
Headache - Sudden severe and unusual headache.
Dizziness - Sudden loss of balance, especially with any of above signs.

Question 13

TPA can occurs up to _ after stroke symptoms started

Answer 13

4.5h

Question 14

angina chest discomfort is usually felt when the person is

Answer 14

active, stressed, eaten alot, extreme temp

Question 15

what is angina

Answer 15

Angina is a discomfort in the chest caused when the heart does not
receive enough O2.

Question 17

during agina the pain should go away when

Answer 17

resting

Question 18

when having a heart attack the person is more likely to do what with is hand

Answer 18

More likely to have a fist or clenched hand to chest than a flat hand

Question 19

If the fully conscious person does not
carry nitroglycerin or if the pain is not relieved by the first dose of nitroglycerin, suggest* the person chew

Answer 19

2 children’s ASA tablets (80 mg each) or one regular
adult dose ASA tablet (325 mg)

Question 20

nitro is contraindicated if the person take which medication

Answer 20

viagra, levitra, cialis or revatio

Question 21

how do you administrated nitro

Answer 21

Nitroglycerin spray is sprayed under the tongue and is rapidly absorbed.

Question 22

nitro start working within _ and work for about _ minutes

Answer 22

1-2 min, 5-6 min

Question 23

The nitroglycerin dose may be repeated every _ minutes until the pain is relieved or until a maximum of _ doses have been administered.

Answer 23

5min, 3

Question 24

“Coated” or “enteric coated” ASA is NOW OK for treatment of chest pain as long as it is

Answer 24

chewed

Question 25

can you use tylenol to subtituted aspirin (ASA)

Answer 25

Acetaminophen (TylenolTM) cannot be substituted for ASA as acetaminophen does not have any beneficial effect on myocardial infarction.

Question 26

Current research has shown that early administration of _ of ASA can reduce the effects of a heart attack by as much
a _%.

Answer 26

160-325mg, 20%

Question 27

what do you if witnessed adult cardiac arrest code 99

Answer 27

1. Continuous compressions (200 and switch compressor) first 4-6 minutes 2. OPA + Passive O2 with NRB mask 10/l min
   -Local variations exist,
   -Intervention changes with presence of high performance BLS team -AED protocol never delayed

Question 28

what to do in unwitnessed adult cardiac arrest

Answer 28

Unwitnessed CODE 99
1. CPR 30:2
2. OPA + BVM/O2/Reservoir
-AED protocol never delayed