acute illness

Question 1

AEIOU TIPS

Answer 1

A: allergy
E: epilepsy, endocrine problem. Electrolyte abnormality
I: insulin
O: overdose
U: underdose

T: trauma, temperature abnormality
I: infection
P: psychogenic
S: stroke, space occupying lesion in cranium

Question 2

what is a syncope

Answer 2

• Temporary loss of consciousness -> brief lack of flow to the brain
• normal: 50 ml/min, syncope occurs under 30 ml/min

Question 3

most common reason of syncope

Answer 3

orthostatic hypotension, vasovagal responsed, heart not pumping enoigh blood to the brain, arrythmia or weak heart muscle

Question 4

type of neurocardiogenic syncope

Answer 4

vasovagal, micturition/defecation, carotid hypersensitivity, cough syncope

Question 5

type of neuropathic syncope

Answer 5

paraneoplastic, chronic/toxic (diabet), post viral, neurodegenerative, POTS

Question 6

T/F syncopal episode are almost never from a seizure

Answer 6

T

Question 7

what is the most common cause of syncope, near syncope and dizzinesss

Answer 7

orthostatic syncope

Question 8

which one between seizure and syncope have increase muscle tone

Answer 8

seizure

Question 9

which one between seizure and syncope have decrease muscle tone

Answer 9

syncope

Question 10

number of limb jerk for syncope and for seizure

Answer 10

syncope: <10
seizure: >20

Question 11

what is bezoid-jarisch reflex

Answer 11

acute loss of postural tone, hypotension, transient global cerebral hypoperfusion

Question 12

why syncopal episode is more concerning during exercise compare to after exercise

Answer 12

concern for structural heart disease, can be only s/s precede sudden cardiac death

Question 13

what can be one of the only SS preceding sudden cardiac death

Answer 13

syncope during exercise

Question 14

facture of exercise-related syncope

Answer 14

dehydration, reduction in plasma volume

Question 15

what is vasovagal syncope

Answer 15

non-exercise related syncope: from sitting to stangind, experiencing fear or emotional distress or specific trigger (like seing blood)

Question 16

symptom of vasovagal syncope

Answer 16

lightheadedness, pallor, feeling of warmth, diaphoresis, nausea, epigastric pain

Question 17

what is situational syncope

Answer 17

non-exercise related syncope: reproduce with certain behaviour (coughing, bearing down to pass stoll, micturition)

Question 18

what are the 3 types of non-exercise related syncope

Answer 18

neurocardiogenic, vasovagal, situational syncope

Question 19

what are the different type of seizure

Answer 19

• generalized tonic-clonic seizure
• partial seizure
• absence seizure
• febrile seizure

Question 20

which type of seizure affected only small area of one hemisphere

Answer 20

partial seizure

Question 21

which type of seizure affected both hemisphere of brain

Answer 21

generalized tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal)

Question 22

with which type of seizure the person might smell burn toast

Answer 22

absence seizure

Question 23

type of seizure occurring < 5yrs old and why does it happen

Answer 23

5 and rapid increase in body temp > 39

Question 24

what is the most common type of seizure with epileptic

Answer 24

partial seizure

Question 25

which type of seizure is most common in children

Answer 25

absence seizure (petit mal)

Question 26

what can you use with seizure

Answer 26

seizure rescue nasal spray ○ Need to use both dose

Question 27

normal blood glucose when fasting of before meal

Answer 27

4 to 7 mmol/L

Question 28

normal blood glucose 2 hours after eating

Answer 28

5.0 to 10 mmol/L

Question 29

what is mild blood glucose and what do you give

Answer 29

3.0 to 3.9 give oral glucose

Question 30

what is moderate/low blood glucose and what do you give

Answer 30

< 3.0. -> give oral glucose

Question 31

what is severe low blood glucose and what do you give

Answer 31

< 3.0 give glucagon

Question 32

what are the 2 type of thing you can give with someone one severe hypoglycemia

Answer 32

dry glucagon nasal spray glucagon vial/IM injection

Question 33

is bubble from mixing glucagon solution is normal

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

when can't you use the glucagon vial solution

Answer 34

if it's cloudy or see solid particule that won't resolve

Question 35

where can you inject glucagon

Answer 35

- Inject on top of thigh, outer buttock, upper outer arm Inject at 90º

Question 36

what do you do after injection of glucagon

Answer 36

turn on their side and check blood sugar after 15min - If still below 3.9 after 15min, follow 15/15 rule - If not awake after 15min -> second dose if have one - If higher than 3.0 eat a snack or next meal within an hour

Question 37

at what age can you use dry nasal spray BAQSIMI

Answer 37

over 4 yrs old

Question 38

who can give BAQSIMI

Answer 38

family, caregiver, friends,hcp for conscious or uncouscious person

Question 39

do you absolutely need to use both dose of seizure rescue nasal spray

Answer 39

yes

Question 40

what are the 4 stage of generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 40

1. aura (unusual sensation/feeling) 2. tonic (LOR, muscle rigidity) 3. clonic (convulsion) 4. postictal (diminished responsiveness/ gradual recovery/confusion)