Acute Inflammation Flashcards
(26 cards)
3 processes of acute inflammation
Vascular dilation
Neutrophil activation and migration
Increased vascular permeability
Causes of acute inflammation
Microbial infections
Physical agents
Irritant and corroded chemicals
Tissue necrosis
5 symptoms of inflammation
Redness
Pain
Swelling
Heat
Loss of function
What is oedema
Swelling
Excess fluid accumulation in tissues or cavities
It is a consequence of inflammation
In the amplification stage of inflammation, what happens
The cytokines and chemokines released by eg. macrophages cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, more immune cells and fluid to site to resolve inflammation
What is exudation
Exudation occurs when small blood vessels dilate , “leaky” blood vessels so more fluids salts glucose oxygen complement proteins antibodies and fibrin
What are the chemical mediators that cause vasodilation
3 examples
Bradykinins
Prostaglandins (PGI2)
Histamine
NO
Leucotrienes
Serotonin
What are examples of protein mediators of vasodilation
Chemokines and cytokines
Functions of prostaglandins
Vascular dilation
Regulate cytokines production
Regulate cell recruitment
‘acts on nerve fibres to cause pain
‘tissue remodelling
What is the name of the protein that initiator the plasma factors pathways
Hageman factor aka coagulation factor XII
Name of the key protein in the coagulation pathway
Thrombin function is to produce fibrin (stable blood clot)
3 pathways to from stable blood clot in the coagulation pathway
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Common
Main protein in the kinin pathway
Kallikreins
What does kallikreins do
Kininogens to kinins like Bradykinin
Function of kinins
Vasodilation
Permeability
Stimulate complement system
Activate pain receptors
Stimukate chemokines
What is the key protein in fibrinolytic system
Plasmin
What does plasmin do
Prevent excessive blood clot by degrading fibrin
How does plasminogen get converted to plasmin in the fibrinolytic system
Kallikrein
Hageman factor
Urokinase
Tpa
What is serine protease
Thrombin
What is produced by macrophages and neutrophils as a product of fatty acid metabolism
Prostaglandins
What is the enzyme that controls the production of prostaglandins
Cox II = cyclo- oxygenase II
What inhibits cox2 enzyme
Nsaids like ibuprofen
Haemophilia A and B, von willebrand disease are disorders that affect which system
Coagulation system
Cannot clot blood properly
What is another name of abscess formation
Suppuration
