Cell injury and neoplasia and growth disorders Flashcards
(35 cards)
reversible vs nonrevesible cell injury
reversible - return to normal and/ or adapt to environment
irreversible - permanent damage that results in death
what happens to a cell when it has a reversible injury
appear as cloudy swelling and fatty change
cells undergoes:
blebbing,
disruption to aerobic respi,
plasma membrane damaged,
enzyme, dna and protein synthesis damage
why does a cell appear to have cloudy swelling? think about atp pumps
loss of ATP so the sodium potassium pumps are inactive, unable to pump out sodium and maintain fluid homeostasis, influx of water, cell appear pale and swollen
what is fatty change
disrupted lipid metabolism so accumulation of lipid vacuoles in cytoplasm because triglycerides cannot be released from the cell
usually in liver
what determines if a cell can adapt or if it undergoes cell death
1 dose intensity/type and severity of injury and
2 cell vulnerability
name 3 CAUSEs of cell injury
hypoxia
hypersensitivity - inflammation damages cell
chemical agents/drugs
physical agent eg UV or mechanical trauma
infections ie viral or bacterial
genetic defects - sickle cell anemia, cancer
what can asbestos cause?
chemical agent
occupational hazard
can cause mesothelioma, disruption of cell membranes and proteins
necrosis definition
necrosis is
unrprogrammed cell death due to irreversible injury
what happens to a cell when it undergoes necrosis
violent blebbing
protein denaturation
lysosomal digestion
cell membrane dirsupted
inflmmatroy response
does apoptosis show inflmmation
no
diference in size of cell in apoptosis and necrosis
apoptosis-shrink
necrosis- enlarged
what happens to the nucleus in apoptosis
chromatin condensation, nucelus fragments into nucleosome size fragments, phagosytosed
does the cell membrane stay intact during apoptosis
yes
what happens to the nucleus during necrosis
pyknosis - nucleus shrinks
karyorrhexis - nucelus fragments
karyolysis - nucleus gone
what does the cytoplasm appear as in cell necrosis
pale and pink
nuclei tells you whether the cells died and the cytoplasm tells you how the cells have died
what happens if remains are not removed in necrotic cells
calcium salt deposition
does apoptosis require energy?
yes
deletion of self reactive lymphocytes in the thymus is what type of cell death
apoptosis
what does the cytoplasm look like in coagulative necrosis + cause
firm in texture because no enzymes to degrade tissues
cells digested by white blood cells
tissue architecture is preserved but cellular components destroyed, usually due to hypoxia
what does the cytoplasm look like in liquefactive necrosis
liquid viscous state of tissue and thick yellow PUS
enzymes hydrolyze tissues
bacterial/fungal infections/ strong acids/alkali
what does the cytoplasm look like in caeseous necrosis
cheese like appearance , yellow
mass apoptosis
usually in TB
what does the cytoplasm look like in fat necrosis
fat cells broken down by enzymes eg. lipase, fat destruction, saponified
what does the cytoplasm look like in fibrinoid necrosis
the inside lining of your blood vessels becomes damaged
antigen-antibody complexes deposited in artery walls with fibrin
