acute kidney injury and acute renal failure Flashcards
what is acute kidney injury
the rapid loss of kidney function from renal cell damage- most don’t progress to ARF
what is acute renal failure
A sudden loss of kidney function that is often due to an illness, injury, or toxin, and may last for days, weeks, or months.
List some possible causes of ARF
haemodynamic issues
nephrotoxic issues
interstitial nephritis
obstructive nephropathy
acute glomerulopathies- RARE
what can cause haemodynamic ARF
any condition that causes sutained marked hypotension
List 5 possible causes of nephrotoxic ARF
antibiotics
NSAIDs
myopathy and haemolysis
vitamin D or K3
heavy metals
what can cause interstitial nephritis
allergic reactions
immune mediated causes
ascending infections
what is interstitisl nephritis
inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
List 2 antibiotics that can be nephrotoxic
aminoglycosides - gentamycin the most
oxytetracyline
List the clinical signs of AKI
oliguria, anuria and polyuria are common.
signs of predisposing disease, colic and pyrexia are uncommon
List some clinical pathology signs of ARF
raised creatinine
isosthenuric
hyponatraemia
hypochloraemia
hyperkalaemia
+/- proteinuria and hematuria
List 4 things that you can see on transabdominal ultrasound of the kidneys
Enlarged kidneys
Increased corticomedullary definition
Perirenal oedema
Enlarged cortex
tho mostly found to be normal on US
why may you do a renal biopsy
to get an idea of the prognosis for the disease or if unsure of the cause
Treatment of ARF/AKI
stop any nephrotoxic drugs
treat primary disease
provide IVFT- hartmanns- gentle
