Assessment of the urinary tract in horses

Question 1

List 6 steps in investigating urinary disease in horses

Answer 1

Complete history
Through physical exam
Water intake
Urine output
Haematology & Biochemistry
Urinalysis

Question 2

List 6 things to look at on biochem when investigating urinary disease in horse

Answer 2

azotaemia
BUN:Creatinine ratio
Electrolytes
Protein & albumin
Muscle enzymes (CK & AST)
Glucose

Question 3

why is it important to look at muscle enzymes (CK and AST) when investigating urinary disease

Answer 3

myoglobin and haemoglobin are toxic to the kidney

Question 4

T/F Serum BUN is more sensitive than Serum Creatinine for the detection of a decrease in GFR

Answer 4

False

Question 5

T/F In prerenal azotaemia USG will likely be increased (hypersthenuria)

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F Horses with intrinsic renal azotaemia develop hyposthenuria (< 1008)

Answer 6

False

Question 7

In horses the BUN/Creatinine ratio is more reliably used to differentiate…….

Answer 7

Chronic Renal Failure from Acute Kidney Injury (AKI or ARF)

Question 8

Hypercalcemia & hypophosphatemia are most seen in horses with

Answer 8

Chronic renal failure (CRF)

Question 9

what is normal horse urine USG

Answer 9

Normal adult horse 1025-1045 (hypersthenuria)

Question 10

what should you not trust on urine reagent strips in horses

Answer 10

USG
can get false + for protein

Question 11

Normal water intake in horse

Answer 11

50ml/kg/day

Question 12

why is it difficult to measure a horses urinary output

Answer 12

you have to catheterise and place a urinary bag ans this aint feasible