the discoloured urine Flashcards
How can we differentiate between haematuria, haemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria
spin the urine and look at the colour of the supernatant.
clear - haematuria
discoloured - haemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria
look at the colour of blood serum
pink - haemoglobinuria
normal - myoglobinuria
what can cause myoglobin in the urine
muscle injury (rhabdomyolysis) leads to tubular necrosis an renal failure (myoglobin is nephrotoxic)
what can cause haemoglobinuria
intravascular haemolysis or renal damage
What causes oragne urine that is haem -ve and bilirubin +ve
liver disease
What causes oragne urine that is haem -ve and bilirubin -ve
drugs (rifampin)
How to manage myoglobinuria
depends on cause
IVFT
analgesia
ACP to relax muscles
How can we manage haemoglobinuria
treat the primary cause and IVFT
what can cause haematuria
a large amount of things - exercise induced, urolithiasis, UTI, pyelonephritis, idiopathic renal haematuria, idiopathic haemorrhagic cystitis, neoplasia
which horses more commonly get urolithiasis
geldings
where do most urilithiasis occur
in the bladder
how can we diagnose urolithiasis
bloods
urinalysis
rectal exam
US
endoscopy
How to diagnose UTI/ cystitis
bloods
urinalysis
urine culture
US
rectal exam
endoscopy
are UTIs commonly primary or secondary
secondary to
neoplasia
urolithiasis
anatomical defects
urinary tract procedures
what is pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
what is the common type of urolithiasis in horses
calcium carbonate crystals
