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Acute Peds Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

large for gestational age

A

birth weight > 90th percentile

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2
Q

small for gestational age

A

birth weight < 10th percentile

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3
Q

intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

A

pathological birth weight < 10th percentile

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4
Q

selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR)

A

< 10th percentile and discordance >25%

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5
Q

low birth weight (LBW)

A

<2500 grams

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6
Q

very low birth weight (VLBW)

A

<1500 grams

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7
Q

T or F: babies with IUGR automatically qualify for early intervention

A

T

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8
Q

gravida 3 para0020. what does this mean?

A

3 pregnancies
0 babies
0 preemies
2 miscarriages
0 living children

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9
Q

APGAR

A

appearance (color)
pulse
grimace (reflexes)
activity (tone)
respiration

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10
Q

range of scores for APGAR… is higher or lower better?

A

1-10
higher is better

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11
Q

gestational age =

A

last menstrual cycle to birth

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12
Q

chronological age =

A

birth date to current age

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13
Q

weeks early =

A

40 weeks - gestational age

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14
Q

corrected age =

A

chronological age - weeks of prematurity

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15
Q

how long do you account for prematurity

A

until age 2

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16
Q

T or F: almost every preemie has osteopenia

A

T

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17
Q

retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

A

disruption of normal progression of retinal vascular development in preterm infant

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18
Q

how many stages of ROP

A

5

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19
Q

at what stage of ROP do you need to start intervention

A

stage 3 - some get better without treatment but some need intervention

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20
Q

plus disease

A
  • a sign that ROP is getting worse but treatment can prevent retinal detachment
  • blood vessels on retina get large and twisted (stage 3 ROP)
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21
Q

stage 4 ROP vs stage 5 ROP

A

stage 4 = partially detached retina
stage 5 = completely detached retina
**both need treatment

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22
Q

what can ROP cause later in life

A

nearsightedness

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23
Q

bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

A
  • stiff lung tissue leads to difficult delivery of oxygen
  • usually occurs in alveoli
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24
Q

what can BPD lead to later in life

A

asthma
decreased immune system

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25
if a baby still needs O2 after ______ weeks they will be diagnosed with BPD
36
26
SiPap
- similar to Cpap and Bipap - almost like a ventilator through the nose helps infant breath for theirself
27
with babies on SiPap they alternate between a mask and prongs. why?
to prevent skin breakdown
28
ECMO
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation *gives heart/lungs a rest
29
two types of ECMO
venovenous = just for lungs venoarterial = heart and lungs
30
can babies stay on venovenous or venoarterial ecmo longer
venovenous - for venoarterial they don't like to keep them on it for more than a week
31
ECMO cannot be used on babies less than ______ weeks. Why?
34 equipment not small enough
32
how many grades of intraventricular hemorrhage
4
33
grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage
hemorrhage in germinal matrix
34
grade 2 intraventricular hemorrhage
IVH <50% and not distending
35
grade 3 intraventricular hemorrhage
IVH>50% and distending
36
grade 4 intraventricular hemorrhage
grade 3 IVH with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction
37
T or F: all infants have a germinal matric
F: only preemies
38
T or F: babies with grades 1 and 2 IVH typically do not have long term problems
T
39
what could babies with grade 3 and 4 IVH develop
hydrocephalus
40
what do they do for a baby with grade 4 IVH?
MRI neurosurgery consult monitor head circumference
41
periventricular leukomalacia
damage to deep periventricular white matter due to softening of brain tissue *white matter is patchy like swiss cheese
42
kids with periventricular leukomalacia often have...
microcephaly *high risk for CP
43
indants at highest risk of periventricular leukomalacia are those less than ____ weeks gestational age
32
44
T or F: preemies have lots of spontaneous movements
F: minimal spontaneous movements
45
what does prolonged mechanical ventilation put preemies at increased risk for?
- neck hyperextension - scapular elevation/retraction - arching of trunk - ant/post pelvic tilt
46
name some psychological stress cues for infants
- yawning - spitting up - hiccups - HR - color change - RR - sneezing
47
name some motor stress cues for infants
- tremor - startle - sitting on air? - splaying - saluting
48
T or F: you should document state of arousal every time you see an infant
T
49
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
state 1 - deep sleep, no movement state 2 - light sleep, closed eyes, some movement state 3 - sleepy, eyes opening and closing state 4 - awake, open eyes, min movement state 5 - completely awake, strongmovement stage 6 - cry
50
what does supine positioning encourage
- midline symmetric flexion - shoulders protracted - hands near face or mouth - hips neutral rotation - hips/knees flexes
51
what does sidelying positioning encourage?
- midline symmetry - tucked chin - flexion of trunk/hips/knees
52
what does prone positioning encourage
- flexion/protraction of UE - neutral head position - flexion of hips/knees
53
what position do you want to avoid with infants and why
extension because this uses increased calories
54
what can you use to assess pain in babies/kids
FLACC scale
55
FLACC scale
face, legs, activity, cry, consolability
56
how will a newborn with a brachial plexus injury present
-absent shoulder abduction, ER, elbow flexion, and supination (more mild, recovery 4-6 months) -flail shoulder, absent elbow flexion, flexed wrist, closed fist (slow recovery, 15 months) -flail extremity, limited finger movement (poor recovery)
57
if a newborn with a brachial plexus injury doesn't have active biceps by 6 months what should you do
refer them to neurosurgery because that is a good indicator they are not goingt o get return without surgery
58
what is the leading cause of death from disease in children in the US
cancer
59
what is the most common peds cancer
leukemia
60
peds cancer is considered birth to age ______
14
61
what are chemotherapy side effects
- nausea - neurotoxicity - pulmonary toxicity - cardiotoxicity - muscle weakness - osteonecrosis
62
does chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy usually start in the lower or upper extremities
lower
63
what does vincristine do
- disrups microtubules - degeneration of axion cytoskeleton - inhibits axonal transport **increased risk of neuropathy

Peds (17 decks)

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