Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds > Typical Development and Grounded Cognition > Flashcards

Typical Development and Grounded Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

why do children have temporary decreased flexibility during growth spurts

A

bone growth outpaces changes in muscle length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are children/adolescents more susceptive to injury

A

epiphysis and apophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T or F: we are born with typical spinal curves

A

F: they develop over time as infants gain control and experience in different positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

order spinal curvatures as they develop

A

cervical lordosis >
thoracic kyphosis >
lumbar lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens to the acetabulum when children start to weight bear and walk

A

it rotates to the forward inclination position and cups around the femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens to the acetabulum if there is limited WB

A

it stays in a more vertical position which makes dislocations more common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens at the femur to WB (2)

A

femoral angle of inclination decreases (better hip abduction)
femur becomes less anteverted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happens at the ttibia with WB

A

it goes from initial internal torsion to external torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the femur tibia are in genu ____ at birth and then have max genu ____ at 3 years before decreasing to adult values

A

varus
valgum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F: the calcaneus and forefoot are initially in valgum

A

F: varus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

forefoot varus may persist until __ years

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

after birth, growth in muscles is mainly due to…

A

increase in size of fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

do children <15 years have more slow twitch or fast twitch fibers

A

slow - needed for postural control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is disturbed if muscle does not add enough sarcomeres to keep up with skeletal growth

A

length- tension curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

linear increase in strength accelerates for ___ after puberty. why

A

males - hormones and differences in physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is the greatest difference in strength between males and females in upper or lower body

A

upper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T or F: you can create new neurons after birth

A

F: but you can build more connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

as you get older BP ______. why

A

increases because arteries get thicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

as you get older HR and RR ________

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

physiological flexion (position at each joint?)

A

shoulder:adduction
elbow: flex
hand:flex, pronation
spine:flex c-curve
hip:flexion, abduction, ER
knee: flex
ankle: DF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

newborn - 1mth how is head control

A

lack head control and head is to one side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what happens when you bring a baby less than 1 month into extension

A

they spring back like a rubberband into flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

abasia - what is it? what age?

A

no longer having stepping response - 2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

typically, what age do movements become smooth and symmetrical

A

3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what age does physiological flexion disappear
3 months
26
typically, what age can babies maintain head in midline
3 months
27
typical results pull to sit test at 1, 2, 3 months
1 = near full head lag 2 = partial head lag 3 = minimal head lag
28
when do babies typically begin reaching
3 months
29
astasia
loss of LE WB (stepping) - this is normal - happens at about 3 months
30
when do babies typically start to WB through UEs in prone
3 months
31
describe supported sitting for a baby 0-1 mths
c-curve, head down, head bob
32
describe supported sitting for a baby 2 mths
still rounded spine, head up, poor control
33
describe supported sitting for a baby 3 mths
thoracic extension, head control
34
at 4 mths, COG is now in
LE
35
at first, rolling starts with the...
head
36
when do babies typically start rolling? what type of roll is it?
4 months log roll
37
when do babies typically start segmental rolling
6 months
38
at 4 months, babies can usually rest comfortable in prone on______
elbows
39
at six months, babies can usually rest comfortably in prone on_____
hands
40
at 4 months, LE are ______ in standing
still
41
babies typically start propped sitting at ______ months
5, usually does not tolerate long b/c it is not beneficial for play
42
when do babies typically start pulling to sit and sitting hands free
6 months
43
what age is full head control typically achieved
4 months
44
what age do babies typically start pulling set to sit
6 months
45
amount of support needed in standing at 4, 5, and 6 months
4 = proximal support 5 = trunk support 6 = hands held only
46
crawling on all fours is called?
creeping
47
what direction of postural control occurs last?
posterior
48
what age do babies typically start crawling, pushing into quadriped, playing in sitting, and moving from seated to prone
7 months
49
progression of standing 7,8,9 months
7 = pull to stand with all UE and stand with B UE support 8 = easily stands with 1 hand held 9 = pulls to stand with 1/2 kneel, stands at surface
50
typically what age do babies start cruising sideways and walking with 2 hands held
9 months
51
when do babies typically start to climb up on sofas and surfaces
10 months
52
what age do babies typically achieve independent pull to stand?
10 months *can also lower self to floor
53
typically, babies may begin creeping at what age
8-9 months
54
when do babies typically take first independent steps?
12-15 months
55
when do babies typically start to use LE more than UE to pull to stand
10-11 months
56
what age can babies typically stand independently
11 months
57
at 5 months, typically babies have a strong core. what are 2 signs of this?
1) pivot prone (swimming) 2) bring hands to feet/mouth
58
when do babies typically start transferring objects from hand to hand
6 months
59
pincer grasp typically develops at _____ months and precision grasp at ______ months
10-11 15
60
when do babies typically begin voluntarily releasing objects
11 months
61
when are babies typically able to begin using graded pressure when holding objects
12 months
62
describe progression of ascending/descending steps for babies
13-14 months = creeps up and down stairs on hands and knees 15-16 months = ascend/descend stairs with one hand 24 months = ascend/descend independently
63
when can babies typically squat down to the floor and return to standing
13-14 months
64
when are babies typically able to jump with both feet off the ground and kick a ball
24 months
65
when do babies typically develop a more mature walking pattern
36 months
66
when are babies typically able to stand on one foot for 1-3 sec, catch a ball with arms extended, and pedal a tricycle
36 months
67
what are some gross motor tasks typically developing 4-5 year old kids should be able to do
- hops consecutively on one foot - SLS for 10 sec - skip - walk on balance beam - catch ball with elbows flexed - overhand throw - jump forward 2-3 feet
68
what are some gross motor tasks typically developing 6-7 year old kids should be able to do
- sit-ups - kick a rolling ball by running - jump up to 10 inches - jumping jacks *think PE class
69
the concept of grounded cognition is based on which theoretical framework
dynamic systems theory
70
3 principles of dynamic systems theory
1) complexity 2) continuity in time 3) dynamic stability
71
T or F: dynamic systems theory is a combination of nature and nurture
T
72
why does the stepping reflex seem to disappear as the baby gets older
mass of the body likely suppresses it, this is why it reappears when they are placed in water
73
what is cognition
the acquisition, storage, transformation, and use of knowledge
74
why is grounded cognition at risk in children with developmental delays
it limits the child's ability to explore and gain information about their body, people, and environment

Peds (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions