CP Introduction

Question 1

cerebral palsy is an ____ term

Answer 1

umbrella

Question 2

Is CP permanent? is it progressive?

Answer 2

it is permanent but not progressive

Question 3

CP primarily affects the development of…

Answer 3

movement and posture which causes activity limitation

Question 4

what are some other impairments CP can cause?

Answer 4

• cognition
• behavior
• communication (speech, hearing, vision)
• sensation
• epilepsy
• perception

Question 5

studies show children with hemiplegic CP have impaired _____ vision

Answer 5

anticipatory
*this affects action planning and execution

Question 6

worldwide, there are ______ million people with CP

Answer 6

17 million

Question 7

is congenital or traumatic CP more common?

Answer 7

congenital (85%)

Question 8

T or F: CP is a very costly disorder

Answer 8

T ($1 million per child)

Question 9

Is CP more common in boys or girls? caucasions or african americans?

Answer 9

boys
african americans

Question 10

what is the most common type of CP?

Answer 10

spastic

Question 11

T or F: many children with CP can walk independently

Answer 11

T: one study = 58.2%

Question 12

3 periods in which you can acquire CP

Answer 12

antenatal
perinatal
postnatal

Question 13

what are some antenatal causes of CP?

Answer 13

• vascular events
• maternal infection
• metabolic disorder
• genetic syndromes
• maternal ingestion of toxin
• maternal trauma
• placental abruption

Question 14

excess of what vitamin could cause CP?

Answer 14

vitamin A

Question 15

TORCH

Answer 15

T = toxoplasmosis
O = other
R = rubella
C = cytomegalovirus
H = Herpes
*some of the most common infections associated with congenital anomalies

Question 16

what are some causes of perinatal CP

Answer 16

• problems during labor and delivery
• hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
• CVA
• severe hypoglycemia
• untreated jaundice
• severe neonatal infection

Question 17

with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy where do you normally see damage?

Answer 17

diffuse injury to the cerebral cortex (similar to stroke)
*patchy presentation

Question 18

what happens with untreated jaundice?

Answer 18

bilirubin deposits in the gray matter (thalamus)

Question 19

what are the 2 top causes of postnatal CP?

Answer 19

meningitis and encephalitis

Question 20

other than infection, what are some other causes of post-natal CP?

Answer 20

• head injury or trauma
• near drowning, cardiac arrest during surgery, stroke, tumors
• small or large gestational age

Question 21

what are 2 significant predictors of CP?

Answer 21

prematurity and low birth weight

Question 22

3 ways to classify CP

Answer 22

1 - topography (which body part is affected)
2 - movement differences/CNS lesions
3 - functional abilities

Question 23

monoplegia CP

Answer 23

affects one limb, usually an arm

Question 24

hemiplegia CP

Answer 24

affects one side of the body

Question 25

diplegia CP

Answer 25

affects either both arms or legs (usually legs, mild dysfunction in UE common)

Question 26

quadriplegia CP

Answer 26

affects all 4 limbs, the trunk, and the face

Question 27

4 types of CP based on movement differences

Answer 27

1 - spastic 2 dyskinesia (athetosis) 3 - ataxia 4 - mixed

Question 28

what part of the brain does spastic CP affect

Answer 28

the white matter in the periventricular areas

Question 29

spastic diplegia and quadriplegia involve lesions in ________ periventricular areas while spastic hemiplegia is _________

Answer 29

bilateral unilateral

Question 30

dyskinetic CP involved damage to what part of the brain

Answer 30

basal ganglia *usually bilateral

Question 31

ataxic CP involves damage to what part of the brain

Answer 31

cerebellum *usually bilateral

Question 32

mixed CP is a mixture of what 2 types

Answer 32

spasticity and dyskinesia

Question 33

T or F: mixed CP involves a single lesion

Answer 33

F: multiple

Question 34

3 functional levels to classify CP

Answer 34

1 - mild 2 - moderate 3 - severe

Question 35

gross motor function classification system (GMFCS)

Answer 35

classifies severity of CP

Question 36

GMFCS level 1

Answer 36

ambulatory without AD in the community

Question 37

GMFCS level 2

Answer 37

walks without AD; limitations walking outdoors and in the community without an AD

Question 38

GMFCS level 3

Answer 38

ambulatory with an AD

Question 39

GMFCS level 4

Answer 39

sometimes manual wheelchair is possible, may need a power chair

Question 40

GMFCS level 5

Answer 40

completely dependent on caregivers, needs power chair

Question 41

functional mobility scale is rated from ____ to _____

Answer 41

1; 6

Question 42

a child with a level _____ on FMS needs a wheelchair while a child with level ______ ambulates independently without an AD

Answer 42

1 6

Question 43

manual ability classification system (MACS)

Answer 43

for children with CP which describes 5 levels of handling objects placed within easy reach and everyday functional tasks

Question 44

pt has an infarct of the main MCA on the right side. no lesions on the left. what types of CP is this

Answer 44

hemiplegia

Question 45

pt has bilateral periventricular leukomalacia. what type of CP do they have

Answer 45

diplegia

Question 46

pt has generalized atrophy of the cerebellum and slight atrophy of pons. what type of CP is this

Answer 46

ataxic

Question 47

pt has high intensities in bilateral globus pallidi. what type of CP is this

Answer 47

dyskinesia