Acute responses Flashcards
(27 cards)
what are acute responses to exercise
immediate physiological changes to meet energy demands during exercise
what are the 4 acute respiratory responses to exercise
increased ventilation
increased tidal volume
increased respiratory rate
increased diffusion rate(in the lungs and muscles)
what is ventilation
the amount of air breathed in and out per minute
= tidal volume x respiratory rate
what is tidal volume
the amount of air breathed in and out per breath
what is respiratory rate
the number of breaths taken per minute
how is ventilation measured
L/m
what is diffusion
the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
how does diffusion change during exercise
diffusion capacity increases due to a larger surface area in the alveoli, allowing more oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged
what are the 8 acute cardiovascular responses to exercise
increased HR
increased SV
increased cardiac output
increased systolic blood pressure
increased venous return
decreased blood volume
increased a-VO2 diff
increased oxygen consumption
what is stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected by the heart per beat
what is heart rate
the number of heartbeats per minute
what happens to blood pressure during exercise
systolic blood pressure increases significantly, diastolic stays the same or increases slightly
what is venous return
blood flow back to the heart
how does venous return increase during exercise
muscular pump, respiratory pump and venoconstriction
what is blood flow redistribution
blood is redirected from inactive organs to working muscles during exercise
what is a-VO2 difference
the difference in oxygen concentration from arteries and veins
what happens to a-VO2 diff during exercise
it increases
what are the 5 acute muscular responses to exercise
increased motor unit recruitment
increased blood flow to working muscles
increased body temp
decreased intramuscular substrate levels(ATP, CP, glycogen, triglycerides)
increased lactate production
what is a motor unit
a motor neuron and the muscle fibres it activates
how does motor unit recruitment change during exercise
it increases; more motor units and muscle fibres are activated to produce greater force
what is the all or nothing principle
a motor unit contracts fully or not at all when activated
how does muscle tempreature change during exercise
increases due to blood flow and ATP production
what is VO2
the amount of oxygen used by the body for energy production
what is VO2 max
the maximum amount of oxygen the body can use per minute; indicates aerobic capacity
