Biomechanics

Question 1

what is force

Answer 1

a push or a pull with the context of altering a state of motion of a body

Question 2

what is inertia

Answer 2

the tendency of an object to resist change in its state of motion

Question 3

What is Newtons 1st law of motion

Answer 3

Law of Inertia
“An object will remain at rest or in its current state of motion unless acted upon by an external force”

Question 4

What is Newton’s 2nd law of motion

Answer 4

Law of Acceleration
“the force applied to an object will produce a change in motion(acceleration) in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force”

Question 5

What is Newton’s 3rd law of motion

Answer 5

Law of action-reaction
“For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction force”

Question 6

what are the 3 types of external forces

Answer 6

Frictional, gravitational, applied

Question 7

what is drag force

Answer 7

when an object or body moves through any gas or fluid, this force opposes the direction of motion of the object or body

Question 8

what is linear motion

Answer 8

movement of a body along a straight or curved line

Question 9

what is angular motion

Answer 9

the movement of a body about a fixed axis

Question 10

what is distance

Answer 10

the total length of the path travelled

Question 11

what is displacement

Answer 11

the change in position from start to finish, taking direction into account

Question 12

what is speed

Answer 12

how far an object travels in a given time

Question 13

what is velocity

Answer 13

how far and in what direction an object travels in a given time

Question 14

what is torque

Answer 14

when a force causes an object to rotate or turn

Question 15

what is an eccentric force

Answer 15

a force that does not act through an objects centre of gravity

Question 16

what is angular velocity

Answer 16

the speed at which a body is rotating around during a rotation around an axis

Question 17

what is momentum

Answer 17

the amount of motion an object has and it’s resistance to changing that motion

Question 18

momentum equation

Answer 18

momentum = mass x velocity

Question 19

what is impulse

Answer 19

The change in momentum of an object

Question 20

impulse equation

Answer 20

impulse = force x time

Question 21

types of summation of momentum

Answer 21

simultaneous summation of momentum and sequential summation of momentum

Question 22

what is angular momentum

Answer 22

the amount of angular motion possessed by a body

Question 23

angular momentum equation

Answer 23

angular momentum = moment of inertia x angular velocity

Question 24

what is moment of inertia

Answer 24

an objects resistance to change its angular motion

Question 25

moment of inertia equation

Answer 25

moment of inertia = mass x radius^2

Question 26

speed equation

Answer 26

speed = distance/time

Question 27

velocity equation

Answer 27

velocity = displacement/time

Question 28

What is the vertical component of projectile motion influenced by?

Answer 28

Gravity and the vertical component of the initial projection velocity

Question 29

What is the horizontal component of projectile motion influenced by?

Answer 29

Air resistance and the horizontal component of the initial projection velocity

Question 30

What are the 3 factors that affect the path of a projectile?

Answer 30

Angle of release, speed of release and height of release

Question 31

What is the angle of release?

Answer 31

The angle(with respect to the horizontal) at which an object is projected into the air

Question 32

what are the 3 shapes that a flight path can form?

Answer 32

Vertical, parabolic and half parabola

Question 33

optimal angle of release when projection height is equal to landing height

Answer 33

45 degrees

Question 34

optimal angle of release when projection height is less than landing height

Answer 34

more than 45 degrees

Question 35

optimal angle of release when projections height is greater than landing height

Answer 35

less than 45 degrees

Question 36

what is speed of release

Answer 36

the speed at which an object is thrown, kicked or propelled into the air

Question 37

what is the height of release

Answer 37

the difference between the height from which a projectile is released and the height at which it lands or stops

Question 38

what are the 4 stages of QMA

Answer 38

preparation, observation, evaluation, error correction

Question 39

what is a qualitative movement analysis

Answer 39

a purposeful observation of a skill being performed, followed by a judgement on quality of movement, which allows feedback to be provided in an effort to improve performance

Question 40

what is the preparation stage

Answer 40

Prerequisite knowledge of the skill/movement is researched, and consideration is given to how, where and when to conduct observation

Question 41

what is the observation stage

Answer 41

Involved either live or recorded vision of a subject performing a skill or movement pattern

Question 42

what is the evaluation stage

Answer 42

Involves judgement about the quality of movements. It also involves identifying strengths and weaknesses in technique and how improvements can be made

Question 43

what is the error correction stage

Answer 43

involved implementing improvement strategies to address weaknesses and errors in technique

Question 44

what is equilibrium

Answer 44

the state of motion the body is in when all forces and torques are balanced

Question 45

what is stability

Answer 45

the ability of a body to resist a change in its current state of equilibrium

Question 46

what is balance

Answer 46

the ability to control equilibrium while stationary or moving

Question 47

what are the two types of equlibrium

Answer 47

static and dynamic

Question 48

what is static equilibrium

Answer 48

when a body or object is stationary. All forces and torques acting on the body must add up to zero

Question 49

what is dynamic equilibrium

Answer 49

when a body or object is moving with constant velocity

Question 50

5 factors affecting stability

Answer 50

base of support centre of gravity line of gravity friction mass

Question 51

what is base of support

Answer 51

the area bound by the outside edges of the body parts in contact with the supporting surface

Question 52

what is centre of gravity

Answer 52

the central point of a body where weight is evenly distributed and balanced

Question 53

what is line of gravity

Answer 53

an imaginary line that passes through the centre of gravity in the direction that gravity acts

Question 54

what is friction

Answer 54

friction is a force that acts in the opposite direction to motion when two surfaces are in contact with one another

Question 55

what are the 3 parts of a lever

Answer 55

axis resistance force

Question 56

what is in the middle of each class of lever

Answer 56

1st class- Axis 2nd class- Force 3rd class- Force

Question 57

characteristics of third class levers

Answer 57

force is in the middle, resistance is at the end require a greater force but greater range of motion and speed is gained

Question 58

what is mechanical advantage

Answer 58

the ratio of the force arm to the resistance arm

Question 59

what is a force arm

Answer 59

distance from the axis to the force

Question 60

what is a resistance arm

Answer 60

distance from the axis to the resistance

Question 61

mechanical advantage equation

Answer 61

force arm/resistance arm