Energy systems Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is ATP
adenosine triphosphate
how is energy released from ATP
by breaking the high energy bond
how is ATP resynthesised
energy from chemical or food fuels is used to join ADP and Pi
what are the main food fuels for energy
carbohydrates, fats and proteins
why are carbs preferred during exercise
they require less oxygen to break down and are quickly accessible
when are fats mainly used as fuel
at rest or during long, submaximal exercise
what is glycogen
a stored form of glucose in the in the muscles and liver, used primarily for energy during exercise
what are the 3 energy systems
ATP-CP
anaerobic glycolysis
aerobic
what fuels does the ATP-CP system use
Creatine phosphate(CP)
how long can the ATP-CP system supply energy
up to 10 seconds
what are the by products of the ATP-CP system
ADP and inorganic phosphate
what fuel does anaerobic glycolysis use
glycogen
what are the by products of the anaerobic glycolysis system
Lactate and H+ ions
how long can the anaerobic glycolysis system supply energy
up to 2 minutes
what fuels does the aerobic system use
carbs and fats
how much ATP does the aerobic system produce
36-38 for glycogen
147 for fats
what are the by products for the aerobic system
carbon dioxide, water and heat
how does the aerobic system break down glycogen
aerobic glycolysis
steps of aerobic glycolysis
-glycogen breaks down to pyruvate- creates 2 ATP
-Pyruvate converts into acetyl coenzyme A
-Krebs cycle
-Electron transport cycle- releasing 36 ATP
how does the aerobic system break down fats
aerobic lipolysis
steps of aerobic lipolysis
-triglycerides break down into free fatty acids and glycerol
-free fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to form acetyl coenzyme A
-Krebs cycle
-Electron transport chain- releasing 147 ATPs
where is CP stored
mainly in the muscles
when does CP regenerate
during rest or low intensity activity when ATP demand is low
what factors determine energy system contribution
intensity, duration, oxygen availability and fuel depletion
