ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 0

Adaptive immunity mechanisms are not “in place” and require _______ to pathogen

Answer 0

Exposure

Question 1

Adaptive immunity is the defence mechanisms that target s________ foreign molecules (________) often associated with patients

Answer 1

Specific

Antigens

Question 2

Adaptive immunity initially takes _____

Answer 2

Days

Question 3

Adaptive immunity is also known as _________ immune response or _______ immune response

Answer 3

Required

Specific

Question 4

Adaptive immunity involves two components called what

Answer 4

Antibody mediated immunity (humoral immunity)

Cell mediated immunity

Question 5

B-lymphocytes (b-cells) = ___________ _________ immunity

Answer 5

Antibody-mediated

Question 6

T-lymphocytes (T-cells) = _____-_________ immunity

Answer 6

Cell mediated Immunity

Question 7

________ are specific molecules that the body recognises as foreign

Answer 7

Antigens

Question 8

The small accessible part of an antigen that binds to an antigen receptor is called what

Answer 8

An epitope

Question 9

Exposure to the antigen activates ______ & _______ ________ with _________ receptors specific for parts of that antigen

Answer 9

B and T cells

Antigen receptors

Question 10

B cells and T cells have receptor ______ that can bind to foreign material

Answer 10

proteins

Question 11

Binding of a B-cell antigen receptor to an antigen gives rise to cells that secrete a soluble form of the protein called an antibody or ________________ (Ig)

Answer 11

Immunoglobulin

Question 12

Secreted antibodies are similar to B cell receptors but lack t___________ regions that anchor r________ in the plasma membrane

Answer 12

transmembrane

Receptors

Question 13

Antibodies have 2 _________ light chains and 2 identical ______ chains joined together by ______ bonds

Answer 13

Identical
Heavy
disulfide

Question 14

The ______ region of the antibody binds to the antigen

Answer 14

variable

Question 15

The ______ region of an antibody differs depending on the class of the antibody and ensures that each antibody generates an appropriate immune response for a given antigen

Answer 15

Constant

Question 16

Ig_= associated with body secretions

Answer 16

A

Question 17

Ig_= first antibody produced

Answer 17

M

Question 18

Ig_= involved in parasitic infections and allergies (binding)

Answer 18

E

Question 19

Ig_= exact function is not known but mainly an antigen receptor on B cells

Answer 19

D

Question 20

Ig_= most common and prevalent and longest lasting antibody

Answer 20

G

Question 21

Antibodies are very specific p_____ molecules that medial h______ immune response

Answer 21

Protein

Humoral

Question 22

Antibodies are produced and secreted by ________ in response to the binding of _______

Answer 22

B-lymphocytes

Antigens

Question 23

Antibodies form _______-________ in blood plasma

Answer 23

Gamma globulins

Question 24

Antibodies are specific to a particular what

Answer 24

Antigen

Question 25

Antibodies bind to antigens forming ______-_______ complexes

Answer 25

antigen-antibody

Question 26

The first step in B cell activation is leading to formation of cells that can secrete ______

Answer 26

antibodies

Question 27

Activation of B cells produces what

Answer 27

Antibodies

Question 28

Each T cell receptor (TCR) consists of two different ___________ chains (alpha and beta)

Answer 28

polypeptide

Question 29

Each T cell receptor consists of two polypeptide chains - the tips of these chains from a ______ region; the rest is a ________ region

Answer 29

Variable | Constant

Question 30

MHC - ________ _____________ complex molecules are host proteins that display the antigen _______ on the cell surface

Answer 30

Major histocompatibility complex | Fragments

Question 31

T cells bind antigen fragments displayed or presented on a _____ cell - these antigen fragments are bound to cell surface proteins called what?

Answer 31

host | Major histocompatibility complex

Question 32

In infected cells, MHC molecules bind and transport antigen fragments to the cell _____ - a process called a______ p_____

Answer 32

Surface | Antigen presentation

Question 33

MHC class II allow recognition of _____

Answer 33

APCs | Antigen presentation cells

Question 34

The interaction of ____ molecules and antigen fragment is necessary for the T cell to participate in ______ immune response

Answer 34

MHC | adaptive

Question 35

The two branches of adaptive immunity are what

Answer 35

Humoral immune response | Cell mediated immune response

Question 36

______ immune response: antibodies help neutralise or eliminate toxins and pathogens in blood or lymph

Answer 36

Humoral

Question 37

____ mediated immune response: specialised T cells destroy affected host cells

Answer 37

Cell mediated immune

Question 38

Helper T cells are activated when it's receptors combine with _______complex

Answer 38

antigen-MHC

Question 39

Helper T cells also recongise antigen presented by B-cell and releases _______ which result in an activated B-cell

Answer 39

cytokines

Question 40

Some B cells become ____ cells and secrete _______

Answer 40

plasma | Antibodies

Question 41

Some B cells become ____ cells which result in faster response next time a pathogen invades

Answer 41

memory

Question 42

Secreted antibodies combine with antigens to form antigen-antibody complex - this inactivates _______ and makes _______ easier

Answer 42

Pathogen | Phagocytosis

Question 43

Cell mediated immune response involves _______

Answer 43

T-lymphocytes

Question 44

T-cells with appropriate receptor are activated by ____

Answer 44

APC

Question 45

Cell mediated immune response produces a clone of ______ cells and some of which function as _____ T-cells

Answer 45

T-cells | Memory T-cells

Question 46

Helper T cells differentiate and release _______ that act on other T cells as well as _______

Answer 46

Cytokines | macrophages

Question 47

_________ T-cells leave lymph node and attack infected cells

Answer 47

Cytotoxic

Question 48

_______ cells release proteins that make infected cells permeable leading to their rupture

Answer 48

Cytotoxic

Question 49

Antibody mediated = production of antibodies by B lymphocytes _______ cells

Answer 49

plasma cells

Question 50

Cell mediated = production of activated _________ (cytotoxic and helper) which directly attack unwanted cells

Answer 50

T lymphocytes

Question 51

What type of cell recongise and destroy bad self cells

Answer 51

T cells

Question 52

What type of cells recongise extra cellular antigens

Answer 52

B cells

Question 53

B cells recongise the antigen to produce antibodies that can specifically bind to that _____, T cell also has to recongise the antigen to produce Tc and Th cells

Answer 53

antigen

Question 54

______ immunity can either be active or passive

Answer 54

Specific

Question 55

_____ immunity arises from either a natural immune response following an infection (chicken pox) or an artificial immune response following vaccination

Answer 55

Active

Question 56

_______ immune is mediate by the transfer of antibodies and is normally short lived

Answer 56

Passive

Question 57

Vaccination stimulates ______ immunity against a pathogen

Answer 57

adaptive