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BIOL 103 > ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY > Flashcards

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Flashcards

0
Q

Adaptive immunity mechanisms are not “in place” and require _______ to pathogen

A

Exposure

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1
Q

Adaptive immunity is the defence mechanisms that target s________ foreign molecules (________) often associated with patients

A

Specific

Antigens

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity initially takes _____

A

Days

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3
Q

Adaptive immunity is also known as _________ immune response or _______ immune response

A

Required

Specific

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4
Q

Adaptive immunity involves two components called what

A

Antibody mediated immunity (humoral immunity)

Cell mediated immunity

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5
Q

B-lymphocytes (b-cells) = ___________ _________ immunity

A

Antibody-mediated

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6
Q

T-lymphocytes (T-cells) = _____-_________ immunity

A

Cell mediated Immunity

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7
Q

________ are specific molecules that the body recognises as foreign

A

Antigens

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8
Q

The small accessible part of an antigen that binds to an antigen receptor is called what

A

An epitope

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9
Q

Exposure to the antigen activates ______ & _______ ________ with _________ receptors specific for parts of that antigen

A

B and T cells

Antigen receptors

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10
Q

B cells and T cells have receptor ______ that can bind to foreign material

A

proteins

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11
Q

Binding of a B-cell antigen receptor to an antigen gives rise to cells that secrete a soluble form of the protein called an antibody or ________________ (Ig)

A

Immunoglobulin

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12
Q

Secreted antibodies are similar to B cell receptors but lack t___________ regions that anchor r________ in the plasma membrane

A

transmembrane

Receptors

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13
Q

Antibodies have 2 _________ light chains and 2 identical ______ chains joined together by ______ bonds

A

Identical
Heavy
disulfide

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14
Q

The ______ region of the antibody binds to the antigen

A

variable

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15
Q

The ______ region of an antibody differs depending on the class of the antibody and ensures that each antibody generates an appropriate immune response for a given antigen

A

Constant

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16
Q

Ig_= associated with body secretions

A

A

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17
Q

Ig_= first antibody produced

A

M

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18
Q

Ig_= involved in parasitic infections and allergies (binding)

A

E

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19
Q

Ig_= exact function is not known but mainly an antigen receptor on B cells

A

D

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20
Q

Ig_= most common and prevalent and longest lasting antibody

A

G

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21
Q

Antibodies are very specific p_____ molecules that medial h______ immune response

A

Protein

Humoral

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22
Q

Antibodies are produced and secreted by ________ in response to the binding of _______

A

B-lymphocytes

Antigens

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23
Q

Antibodies form _______-________ in blood plasma

A

Gamma globulins

24
Q

Antibodies are specific to a particular what

A

Antigen

25
Q

Antibodies bind to antigens forming ______-_______ complexes

A

antigen-antibody

26
Q

The first step in B cell activation is leading to formation of cells that can secrete ______

A

antibodies

27
Q

Activation of B cells produces what

A

Antibodies

28
Q

Each T cell receptor (TCR) consists of two different ___________ chains (alpha and beta)

A

polypeptide

29
Q

Each T cell receptor consists of two polypeptide chains - the tips of these chains from a ______ region; the rest is a ________ region

A

Variable

Constant

30
Q

MHC - ________ _____________ complex molecules are host proteins that display the antigen _______ on the cell surface

A

Major histocompatibility complex

Fragments

31
Q

T cells bind antigen fragments displayed or presented on a _____ cell - these antigen fragments are bound to cell surface proteins called what?

A

host

Major histocompatibility complex

32
Q

In infected cells, MHC molecules bind and transport antigen fragments to the cell _____ - a process called a______ p_____

A

Surface

Antigen presentation

33
Q

MHC class II allow recognition of _____

A

APCs

Antigen presentation cells

34
Q

The interaction of ____ molecules and antigen fragment is necessary for the T cell to participate in ______ immune response

A

MHC

adaptive

35
Q

The two branches of adaptive immunity are what

A

Humoral immune response

Cell mediated immune response

36
Q

______ immune response: antibodies help neutralise or eliminate toxins and pathogens in blood or lymph

A

Humoral

37
Q

____ mediated immune response: specialised T cells destroy affected host cells

A

Cell mediated immune

38
Q

Helper T cells are activated when it’s receptors combine with _______complex

A

antigen-MHC

39
Q

Helper T cells also recongise antigen presented by B-cell and releases _______ which result in an activated B-cell

A

cytokines

40
Q

Some B cells become ____ cells and secrete _______

A

plasma

Antibodies

41
Q

Some B cells become ____ cells which result in faster response next time a pathogen invades

A

memory

42
Q

Secreted antibodies combine with antigens to form antigen-antibody complex - this inactivates _______ and makes _______ easier

A

Pathogen

Phagocytosis

43
Q

Cell mediated immune response involves _______

A

T-lymphocytes

44
Q

T-cells with appropriate receptor are activated by ____

A

APC

45
Q

Cell mediated immune response produces a clone of ______ cells and some of which function as _____ T-cells

A

T-cells

Memory T-cells

46
Q

Helper T cells differentiate and release _______ that act on other T cells as well as _______

A

Cytokines

macrophages

47
Q

_________ T-cells leave lymph node and attack infected cells

A

Cytotoxic

48
Q

_______ cells release proteins that make infected cells permeable leading to their rupture

A

Cytotoxic

49
Q

Antibody mediated = production of antibodies by B lymphocytes _______ cells

A

plasma cells

50
Q

Cell mediated = production of activated _________ (cytotoxic and helper) which directly attack unwanted cells

A

T lymphocytes

51
Q

What type of cell recongise and destroy bad self cells

A

T cells

52
Q

What type of cells recongise extra cellular antigens

A

B cells

53
Q

B cells recongise the antigen to produce antibodies that can specifically bind to that _____, T cell also has to recongise the antigen to produce Tc and Th cells

A

antigen

54
Q

______ immunity can either be active or passive

A

Specific

55
Q

_____ immunity arises from either a natural immune response following an infection (chicken pox) or an artificial immune response following vaccination

A

Active

56
Q

_______ immune is mediate by the transfer of antibodies and is normally short lived

A

Passive

57
Q

Vaccination stimulates ______ immunity against a pathogen

A

adaptive

BIOL 103 (5 decks)

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