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BIOL 103 > RESPIRATION > Flashcards

RESPIRATION Flashcards

0
Q

______ respiration is the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide and water

A

Animal

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1
Q

What is cell respiration

A

The metabolism of fuel molecules with the consumption of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide and water

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2
Q

What kind of respiration Is the metabolism of fuel molecules with consumption of oxygen and productions of carbon dioxide and water

A

Cellular

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3
Q

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide, water and _____

A

ATP

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4
Q

_______ pathways yield energy by _______ organic fuels

A

Catabolic

Oxidising

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5
Q

Respiration is the breakdown (________) of food (________)

A

Catabolism

glucose

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6
Q

Respiration has three main stages
1
2
3

A

Glycolysis
Critic acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

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7
Q

Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two molecules of _______

A

pyruvate

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8
Q

What completes the breakdown of glucose

A

Citric acid cycle

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9
Q

What accounts for most of the ATP synthesis

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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10
Q

Storage ___________ (starch or glycogen) are ______ into glucose which can than enter energy releasing pathways

A

Polysaccharides

hydrolysed

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11
Q

Glucose + ___ oxygen = ____ carbon dioxide + ___ water + energy (ATP)

A

6
6

Glucose is C6H12O6

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12
Q

Cellular respiration takes about ___ steps

A

27

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13
Q

About _\3 of energy is conserved as ATP during respiration

A

1

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14
Q

In cellular respiration glucose becomes ______ to become 6H2O

A

Oxidised

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15
Q

In cellular respiration oxygen is ______ to become energy

A

reduced

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16
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

Cytosol

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17
Q

Does glycolysis require oxygen

A

No

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18
Q

The two phases of glycolysis are the

A

Investment phase

Energy capture phase

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19
Q

Glycolysis

Glucose > ___ (1x6C > 2x3C)

A

pyruvate

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20
Q

In the ________ phase of glycolysis; glucose is broken down into two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via a series of enzyme reactions

A

Investment

21
Q

In the ______ phase two molecules of ATO are used and this is seen as an investment in enetgy

A

Investment

22
Q

In what phase do two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate undergo oxidation to produce two molecules of pyruvate

A

Energy capture phase

23
Q

In the_________[___ phase two electrons and H+ are transferred to NAD+&raquo_space;> NADH

A

energy capture

24
Q

In the energy capture phase of glycolysis 2 _____ produced and 4 ATP are produced.

A

NADH

25
Q

The ______ group from organic substrate is transferred to ADP to make _____

A

Phosphate

ATP

26
Q

During glycolysis glucose is converted to what.

A

Pyruvate

27
Q

Acetyl CoA is produced from what

A

Pyruvate

28
Q

How many molecules of NADH are produced per pyruvate

A

1

29
Q

In the presence of _______, pyruvate Enters the ________ (in eukaryotic cells) and is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)

A

Oxygen

mitochondrion

30
Q

___________ feeds into the Citric acid cycle

A

Acetyl CoA

31
Q

The citric acid cycle: _________ acid\krebs cycle

A

tricarbolyxic

32
Q

For every glucose molecule in the citric acid cycle

2______, 6_______ and 2 _______ are produced

A

ATP
NADH
FADH2

33
Q

There are ___ steps in the citric acid cycle
Each turn of the cycle leads to
1. Break down of _______ (2C)
2. Formation if 2 ______ molecules, 1______, 3_______, 1 _________

A

8 steps
Acetyl break down
Carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, FADH2

34
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur

A

Mitochondrial matrix

35
Q

During glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, ______ are temporarily stored in NADH and FADH2. Energy conserved in these molecules is converted to ______ via what?

A

electrons
ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation

36
Q

The two stages in oxidative phosphorylation are
1. ____[[[ transport
And 2. _________

A

Electron transport

Chemiosmosis

37
Q

The ______ transport process of oxidative phosphorylation: ______ and ________ transfers electrons to carrier ________ of the electron transport system

A

Electron
NADH
FADH2
Proteins

38
Q

NADH AND FADH2 transferring electrons to carrier proteins of the electron transport system regrenerates what.

A

NAD + and FAD

39
Q

Where is the electron transport system embedded

A

Inner membrane of eukaryote mitochondria

Plasma membrane of prokaryote cells

40
Q

In the electron transport system as electrons are passed from one complex to another what is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

Protons

41
Q

The H+ gradient is referred to as proton _____ force

A

Motive

42
Q

The _______ stage of oxidative phosphorylation couples the electron transport chain to ____ synthesis

A

chemiosmosis

ATP

43
Q

In chemiosmosis Protons move back into the matrix through the ATP _______ complex

A

synthase

44
Q

Organisms that respire ______ require oxygen because oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the e________ t________ c______

A

Aerobically

Electron transport chain

45
Q

________ disrupts the flow of electrons along the electron transport chain by binding to one of the cytochrome proteins

A

Cyanide

46
Q

The small amount of ATP produced via _____ is insufficient to sustain life - no oxygen = no ATP produced

A

glycolysis

47
Q

The electron transport chain is where

A

The inner membrane of the mitochondrion

48
Q

_______ consists of glycolysis plus reactions that regenerate NAD+ which can be reused by glycolysis

A

Fermentation

49
Q

Glycolysis > _________________ > _________

A

Citric acid cycle

Electron transport chain

50
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produces how many ATP

A

About 26 or 28

BIOL 103 (5 decks)

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