INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 0

What type of cells are ‘adaptive immunity’ cells of the immune system

Answer 0

Native B cell > antibodies

Native T cell > effector T cells

Question 1

What type of cells come under the ‘innate immunity’ category

Answer 1

Epithelial barriers, phagocytes, dendritic cells, plasma proteins and NK cells

Question 2

Adaptive immunity takes _______ to work after infection

Answer 2

Days

Question 3

All animals have ______ immunity, a defence active immediately upon infection

Answer 3

Innate

Question 4

Innate immunity consists of ______ barriers, plus ______ cellular and _______ defences

Answer 4

External
Internal
Chemical

Question 5

Adaptive immunity or ________ immunity develops ______ exposure to agents such as microbes, toxins or other foreign substances

Answer 5

Acquired

After

Question 6

Adaptive immunity or _______ immunity Involves a very ______ response

Answer 6

Acquired

Specific

Question 7

The h______ response is antibodies defending against infection in body fluids

Answer 7

Humoral

Question 8

The cell mediated response is c_____ cells defending against infection in body cells

Answer 8

Cytotoxic

Question 9

Adaptive immunity is a ________ response (vertebrates only)

Answer 9

slower

Question 10

Innate immunity is recognition of traits shared by a broad range of pathogens using a ________ set of receptors

Answer 10

Small

Question 11

_______ of skin is resistant to weak acids and bases and to bacterial toxins and enzymes

Answer 11

Keratin

Question 12

Normal or resident bacteria is known as _________

Answer 12

Commensals

Question 13

____ sweep the mucus plus whatever is trapped in into into the pharynx where it is swallowed

Answer 13

Cilia

Question 14

Mucosae may also produce s______ which constants chemicals that are toxic to bacteria

Answer 14

sebum

Question 15

________ (in salvia) is an enzyme that destroys bacteria – produced by Mucosae

Answer 15

Lysozyme

Question 16

P______ are the first immune cells to confront foreign material within the body

Answer 16

Phagocytes

Question 17

Major phagocytes in the body are called what

Answer 17

Macrophages

Question 18

Phagocytes develop from WBCs called what?

Answer 18

monocytes

Question 19

P_______ roam the body looking for foreign material

Answer 19

Phagocytes

Question 20

Some tissues have permanent resident macrophages - eg k______ cells in the liver

Answer 20

Kepffer

Question 21

Phagocytic cells recognise groups of pathogens by what

Answer 21

TLRs- Toll-like receptors

Question 22

Neutrophils, eosinophils and dendritic cells are also types of what?

Answer 22

white blood cells that are Phagocytic

Question 23

N________ circulate in the blood are attracted by signals from infected tissue and then engulfed and destroy pathogens

Answer 23

Neutrophils

Question 24

E_________ are weekly pathogenic but discharge destructive enzymes that are important in defending against parasitic worms

Answer 24

Eosinophils

Question 25

What type of phagocytic cells stimulate development of adaptive immunity

Answer 25

Dendritic

Question 26

Neutrophils produce antibacterial chemicals called d_________

Answer 26

Defensins

Question 27

Natural killer cells are a second variety of _________ attack cells. They are large granular ______

Answer 27

Non-specific | lymphocytes

Question 28

Natural killer cells are not ________ but they release chemicals called p_________ that attack infected cell membranes

Answer 28

Phagocytes | Perforins

Question 29

Complement refers to a series of 30 _______ ______ normally present in the blood in an inactive state

Answer 29

Plasma proteins

Question 30

Activation if complement plasma proteins enhances the ________ response

Answer 30

Inflammatory

Question 31

Activation of the compliment system results in production of the what - (MAC ATTACK)

Answer 31

Membrane attack complex

Question 32

Membrane attack complex proteins are inserted into the target cell ______

Answer 32

membrane

Question 33

The membrane attack complex puts a hole into the cell membrane causing _____ and death to the cell

Answer 33

lysis

Question 34

Complement plasma proteins are ________ proteins

Answer 34

anti-microbial

Question 35

Viruses are extremely small and do not present any what?

Answer 35

surface recognition molecules

Question 36

Viruses _____ be phagocytosed like bacteria

Answer 36

cannot

Question 37

When body infected with virus what is produced

Answer 37

Interferons

Question 38

_____ stimulate healthy cells to block the viruses ability to replicate

Answer 38

Interferons

Question 39

Are interferons non-specific

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Interferons also attract _______ and natural killer cells

Answer 40

macrophages

Question 41

Mast cells - a type of connective tissue - release h_______ which triggers blood vessels to dilate and become more p_______

Answer 41

Histamine | Permeable

Question 42

Activated macrophages and _______ release ______ signalling molecules that enhance immune response during inflammation

Answer 42

Neutrophils | Cytokines

Question 43

S______ s______ is a life threatening condition caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response

Answer 43

Septic shock

Question 44

Fever is a systemic inflammatory response trigger by ______

Answer 44

pyrogens

Question 45

_______ immunity: in place, do not require prior exposure

Answer 45

Innate