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BIOL 103 > INNATE IMMUNITY > Flashcards

INNATE IMMUNITY Flashcards

0
Q

What type of cells are ‘adaptive immunity’ cells of the immune system

A

Native B cell > antibodies

Native T cell > effector T cells

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1
Q

What type of cells come under the ‘innate immunity’ category

A

Epithelial barriers, phagocytes, dendritic cells, plasma proteins and NK cells

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity takes _______ to work after infection

A

Days

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3
Q

All animals have ______ immunity, a defence active immediately upon infection

A

Innate

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4
Q

Innate immunity consists of ______ barriers, plus ______ cellular and _______ defences

A

External
Internal
Chemical

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5
Q

Adaptive immunity or ________ immunity develops ______ exposure to agents such as microbes, toxins or other foreign substances

A

Acquired

After

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6
Q

Adaptive immunity or _______ immunity Involves a very ______ response

A

Acquired

Specific

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7
Q

The h______ response is antibodies defending against infection in body fluids

A

Humoral

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8
Q

The cell mediated response is c_____ cells defending against infection in body cells

A

Cytotoxic

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9
Q

Adaptive immunity is a ________ response (vertebrates only)

A

slower

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10
Q

Innate immunity is recognition of traits shared by a broad range of pathogens using a ________ set of receptors

A

Small

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11
Q

_______ of skin is resistant to weak acids and bases and to bacterial toxins and enzymes

A

Keratin

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12
Q

Normal or resident bacteria is known as _________

A

Commensals

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13
Q

____ sweep the mucus plus whatever is trapped in into into the pharynx where it is swallowed

A

Cilia

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14
Q

Mucosae may also produce s______ which constants chemicals that are toxic to bacteria

A

sebum

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15
Q

________ (in salvia) is an enzyme that destroys bacteria – produced by Mucosae

A

Lysozyme

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16
Q

P______ are the first immune cells to confront foreign material within the body

A

Phagocytes

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17
Q

Major phagocytes in the body are called what

A

Macrophages

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18
Q

Phagocytes develop from WBCs called what?

A

monocytes

19
Q

P_______ roam the body looking for foreign material

A

Phagocytes

20
Q

Some tissues have permanent resident macrophages - eg k______ cells in the liver

A

Kepffer

21
Q

Phagocytic cells recognise groups of pathogens by what

A

TLRs- Toll-like receptors

22
Q

Neutrophils, eosinophils and dendritic cells are also types of what?

A

white blood cells that are Phagocytic

23
Q

N________ circulate in the blood are attracted by signals from infected tissue and then engulfed and destroy pathogens

A

Neutrophils

24
Q

E_________ are weekly pathogenic but discharge destructive enzymes that are important in defending against parasitic worms

A

Eosinophils

25
Q

What type of phagocytic cells stimulate development of adaptive immunity

A

Dendritic

26
Q

Neutrophils produce antibacterial chemicals called d_________

A

Defensins

27
Q

Natural killer cells are a second variety of _________ attack cells. They are large granular ______

A

Non-specific

lymphocytes

28
Q

Natural killer cells are not ________ but they release chemicals called p_________ that attack infected cell membranes

A

Phagocytes

Perforins

29
Q

Complement refers to a series of 30 _______ ______ normally present in the blood in an inactive state

A

Plasma proteins

30
Q

Activation if complement plasma proteins enhances the ________ response

A

Inflammatory

31
Q

Activation of the compliment system results in production of the what - (MAC ATTACK)

A

Membrane attack complex

32
Q

Membrane attack complex proteins are inserted into the target cell ______

A

membrane

33
Q

The membrane attack complex puts a hole into the cell membrane causing _____ and death to the cell

A

lysis

34
Q

Complement plasma proteins are ________ proteins

A

anti-microbial

35
Q

Viruses are extremely small and do not present any what?

A

surface recognition molecules

36
Q

Viruses _____ be phagocytosed like bacteria

A

cannot

37
Q

When body infected with virus what is produced

A

Interferons

38
Q

_____ stimulate healthy cells to block the viruses ability to replicate

A

Interferons

39
Q

Are interferons non-specific

A

Yes

40
Q

Interferons also attract _______ and natural killer cells

A

macrophages

41
Q

Mast cells - a type of connective tissue - release h_______ which triggers blood vessels to dilate and become more p_______

A

Histamine

Permeable

42
Q

Activated macrophages and _______ release ______ signalling molecules that enhance immune response during inflammation

A

Neutrophils

Cytokines

43
Q

S______ s______ is a life threatening condition caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response

A

Septic shock

44
Q

Fever is a systemic inflammatory response trigger by ______

A

pyrogens

45
Q

_______ immunity: in place, do not require prior exposure

A

Innate

BIOL 103 (5 decks)

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