Adaptive immunity Flashcards
(30 cards)
what happens to blood when you spin it really fast
the blood splits in its 3 components
what is the thin layer of leukocytes called when blood is separated
the buffy coat
where are dendritic cells present
in major organs
what does the dendritic cell do once it comes in contact with an antigen
engulfs the antigen and breaks it down to peptides
what does the dendritic cell do once it has broken down the antigen in peptides
DC migrate from the organs to draining lymph nodes
what does the dendritic cell present the peptides on and to what cell
presents them on MHC to T cells
what T cells are helper cells
CD4+ T cells
how do CD4+ T cells help other T cells
they make the CD8 T cells cytotoxic through releasing cytokines
how do CD4+ T cells help B cells
they help activate B cells that will produce antibodies
how do cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells
by releasing perforin and granzymes
what does perforin do to infected cells
they create pores in the targeted cell membrane for granzymes to enter cells
what do granzymes do to infected cells
they will target specific cellular proteins leading to apoptosis
what is apoptosis
programmed cell death
what is antigen
anything that has the potential of being recognized by the immune system
what are foreign antigens
anything from the outside - transplants, pathogens or some chemicals
when are auto(self)-antigens recognized
immune system is usually tolerant of self antigen but they may be recognized in autoimmune disorders
what is the purpose of antigen uptake in the innate response
clearance of pathogens
what is the purpose of antigen uptake in adaptive response
for presentation to T cells
how did phagocytes evolve for the beginning of the adaptive immune response
phagocytes evolved to keep remnants of pathogens and display these to other cells of the immune system
what immune system(s) do vertebrates possess
both innate and adaptive immune system
what immune system(s) do invertebrates possess
they only have innate immunity
how does vertebrates and invertebrates innate immunity compare
invertebrates only have innate immunity - therefore their innate immunity is far more advanced compared to vertebrates
what immune system(s) do jawless fish (agnathans) possess
both innate and adaptive immune systems
how does vertebrates and agnathans adaptive immunity compare
the sequence and building blocks for agnathans has a completely different system structure compared to vertebrates
