Linking innate and adaptive immunity Flashcards
(30 cards)
what are the 3 types of ways cells communicate
- soluble molecules (cytokines/chemokines) binding to receptors on the cell membrane
- cell surface-bound receptors binding tot cell surface-bound ligand
- Antigen (pathogen parts) being presented to cell surface-bound receptors
what binds to the Toll like receptors for cells to communicate
some PAMPs are soluble and can bind to toll like receptors for a signal to be sent to the nucleus and changes gene transcription
what receptors are present for soluble molecules to bind to the cell membrane
- toll like receptors
- cytokine receptor
- chemokine receptor
what do chemokines do differently to cytokines when they bind to receptors
chemokines can cause direct movement through the activation of molecules
can B cells have multiple receptors
yes - but they all have to detect the same pathogen
what happens to the T cell once an antigen has been presented by the dendritic cell
changes gene transcription and enhances function in response to the antigen - become activated (killer)
can T cells recognize multiple antigens
no - can only recognize one and is very specific
what is an antigen
anything that has potential to be recognized by the immune system
what is a foreign antigen
substance from outside the body that triggers the immune system
what is self antigen
molecules or components of the body’s own cells that the immune system recognizes as belonging to the body - the immune system won’t attack its own cells
what cell is the main communicator to the Adaptive immune system
Dendritic cells
how can an activated dendritic cell communicate with T cells
- make cytokines that bind to receptors on T cell membranes
- have cell surface-bound receptors that bind to T cell surface-bound ligand (and vice versa)
- present antigen to cell surface-bound receptors on T cells
what does the communication between dendritic cells and t cells allow
communication between the innate and adaptive immune system
what are Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
a set of genes that encode proteins found on the surface of most cells in the body
what are the 2 types of MHC
- MHC-I
- MHC-II
what does MHC-I present
presents endogenous (intracellular) antigen
what cells express MHC-I
expressed on all nucleated cells such as viruses that use our cells as host cells
what does the MHC-II present
present exogenous (extracellular) antigen
what cells express MHC-II
expressed only on antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells (phagocytic cells)
what cell can present both MHC-I and MHC-II
dendritic cells
what are cytokines
molecules such as interleukins and infections that controls growth and activity of immune cells
what are chemokines
molecules that stimulate cell migration
where are chemokines and cytokines produced
both are produced by innate and adaptive immune cells as well as cells that influence the immune system - endothelial cells and Schwann cells.
what are helper cells activated by
Dendritic cells
