Functional information flow Flashcards
(19 cards)
what are the 2 types of information transmitted
- somatic
- automatic
what is somatic information
the sensory information we are aware of (somatic afferent)
the muscles voluntary contract (somatic efferent)
what is automatic information
the sensory information we are not aware (automatic afferent)
the muscles involuntary contract (automatic efferent)
what are the somatic efferent divisions
2 neurons between brain and effector
1. upper motor neuron
- cell body is in brain
- axon in spinal cord
- myelinated
2. lower motor neuron
- cell body is in spinal cord
- axon is in spinal nerve
- myelinated
the effector is the skeletal muscle fibres
what is the neurotransmitter used in the somatic efferent response
Acetylcholine (ACh)
what are the 2 divisions in the automatic efferent nervous system
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
what are the effectors in the automatic efferent nervous system
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
- glands
- adipose (fat) tissue
what are the 3 neurons between the brain and the effectors in the automatic efferent nervous system
- neuron 1
- cell body in brain
- axon in brain or spinal cord (CNS) - neuron 2
- cell body in brain or spinal cord (CNS)
- axon in PNS
- myelinated
- synapse in autonomic ganglion
- pre-ganglionic neuron - neuron 3
- cell body in PNS
- axon in PNS
- unmyelinated
- synapse on effector organ
- post-ganglionic neuron
what is the neurotransmitter used in the automatic efferent response
neuron 2 - acetylcholine (ACh)
neuron 3 - acetylcholine (ACh) OR norepinephrine (/noradrenaline)
what type of system is sympathetic automatic nervous system
prepares the body for acute/stress responses
fight or flight response
what effect does the sympathetic automatic nervous system include
- increased heart rate
- constricting blood vessels to skin and viscera (increased blood flow to muscles)
- decreased gastric motility
- decreased salivation
- increased pupil size
- increased sweating
what type of system is parasympathetic automatic nervous system
prepares the body for restful situations
rest and digest system
what effect does the parasympathetic automatic nervous system include
- decreased heart rate
- increased gastric motility
- decreased pupil size
- increased salivation
what is the difference between the 2 (preganglionic) neuron in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
position
S - cell body in thoracolumbar levels of spinal cord (CNS)
P - cell bodies in cranial (brainstem) and sacral (spinal cord) levels
axon length
S - short
P - long
axon terminals and synapse
S - in sympathetic chain or collateral ganglion (close to CNS)
P - in parasympathetic ganglion (in or near effector)
what is the difference between the 3 (postganglionic) neuron in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
axon length
S - long
P - short
cell body location
S - on sympathetic chain or collateral ganglion
P - in parasympathetic ganglia in or near the effector organs
where is the sympathetic chain ganglia located
on either side of the vertebral column in pairs of around 21-23, usually 22
what is the sympathetic chain ganglia
- the place where preganglionic axons synapse onto postganglionic input zones
- post ganglionic cell bodies are in the ganglion
- long axons extend into the body
- unmyelinated
what type of neurotransmitter is used in sympathetic system
preganglionic - acetylcholine
postganglionic - mostly noradrenaline/norepinephrine
what type of neurotransmitter is used in parasympathetic system
preganglionic - acetylcholine
postganglionic - acetylcholine
