DHBS 365 > Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Immunoglobulins > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Immunoglobulins Flashcards

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1
Q

T cells protect our body against…

A
  • Cancer cells
  • Infected cells by pathogens
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2
Q

What do B cells produce to fight against antigens?

A

Antibodies

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3
Q

How do B cells divide?

A

Clonal expansion

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4
Q

B cells are also…

A

Antigen presenting cells

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5
Q

Swollen lymph nodes are caused by…

A
  • B or T cells dividing and making more of themselves so they can fight the infection
  • Clonal expansion
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6
Q

Who does the work in cell mediated immunity?

A

T cells

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7
Q

What do T cells fight against during cell mediated immunity?

A
  • Fungi
  • Parasites
  • Intracellular bacteria
  • Most viruses
  • Cancer cells
  • Surgically transplanted or transfused foreign tissues
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8
Q

Who does the work in humoral immunity?

A

B cells

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9
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Antibodies produced can recognize virtually any antigen and can fight infections through several mechanisms

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10
Q

What does humoral immunity fight against?

A

Extracellular organisms, some parasites, some viruses

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11
Q

Passive immunity

A

Immunity passed from mother to fetus

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12
Q

Primary source of B cell maturity occur where in fetuses?

A

Liver

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13
Q

Passive immunity uses what type of immunoglobulins?

A

IgG

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14
Q

Types of B cells

A
  • Transitional b cells
  • Naive b cells
  • Memory b cells
  • Plasma b cells
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15
Q

What are transitional B cells?

A
  • Link between immature and mature B cells
  • Travel between bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues
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16
Q

Autoantibodies

A

Antibodies that attack the host

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17
Q

Naive B cells

A

After B cell matures, remain naive till activated

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18
Q

When are naive B cells activated?

A

When a mature b cell is exposed to its specific antigen

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19
Q

Memory B cells

A
  • Remain in bloodstream after infection subsides
  • Quickly activates with help of T cells if you are reexposed to same pathogen
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20
Q

Plasma B cells

A
  • Produces antigen specific antibodies
  • Respond to chemical signals secreted by T cells during an infection
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21
Q

Antigen presenting cells

A
  • B cells
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
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22
Q

Antibody-mediated immunity (humoral)

A

B cells use antibodies to tag pathogens for destruction

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23
Q

Steps to antibody-mediated immunity (humoral)

A
  • 1: Cell triggered when its receptor matches pathogen antigen
  • 2: B cell divides into antibody secreting cells/plasma cells and memory cells
  • 3: Plasma cells tag pathogens for removal and memory cells hibernate for next time
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24
Q

What uses cross linking?

25
What do B cells recognize on pathogens?
Antigens with multiple and repetitive epitopes
26
T cell independent B cell activation difficulties
- Difficult for clustering B cells to bind and requires T cells to help - Most antigens are made from proteins and they are not repeating
27
Is T cell independent or dependent B cell activation more common?
T cell dependent is more common
28
T cell dependent B cell activation
Protein antigens cannot crosslink multiple B cell receptors
29
3 signal process for T cell dependent activation?
- 1: Antigen recognition and binding by B cell - 2: Derived from B and T cell interactions - 3: Cytokines released by the help T cell stimulate B cell
30
CD40-CD40L interactions importance
Amplifies immune response and production of antibodies
31
IgM
- First antibody produced - Produced when we were born - Activates complement system
32
IgA
Body secretions, newborns acquire from breastmilk
33
IgE
- Act as antigen receptor - Releases histamine
34
What immunoglobulin is present in basophils and mast cells?
IgE
35
What immunoglobulin is associated with allergic reactions?
IgE
36
IgD
Monomer, don’t know much about
37
IgG
- Involved in opsonization - Can GO past placenta and give newborns passive immunity - As the baby is coming out - Helps complement system
38
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin?
IgG
39
What are antibodies?
Proteins that tag antigens for destruction
40
How many antigens can a B cell bind to at one time?
2
41
How many antigens can a T cell bind to at one time?
1
42
What can B cell receptors interact with?
- Wide array of molecules - Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates
43
Epitopes
- On antigen - Key that will go in the lock of B cell
44
What do T cell receptors recognize? Why?
Protein antigens on MHC because they only have one binding site
45
Auto reactive B cells
Produce antibodies against our own cells which cause autoimmunity
46
Plasma cell definition
B lymphocytes that are responsible for the production of large amounts of antibodies
47
Memory cell definition
B cells that are responsible for immunological memory and creating secondary immune responses
48
Plasma cell main function
Make lots of specific antibodies
49
Memory cell function
Remember antigens and act when exposed a second time to antigen
50
Plasma cell size
Enlarged cells
51
Memory cell size
Small cells
52
Plasma cell lifespan
A couple days to months, comparatively short
53
Memory cell lifespan
Long lived
54
Active humoral imminity
Infection or vaccines
55
Passive humoral immunity
The body doesn’t have to recognize an antigen and generate antibodies
56
Passive humoral immunity examples?
- IgG passed from mother to child - IgA through breast milk
57
What are the two major lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity?
T cells and B cells
58
What are the two types of adaptive immune responses?
Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity
59
What is T cell independent B cell activation?
T cell independent activation occurs when B cells recognize antigens with multiple and repetitive epitopes without T cell help

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