Additional techniques for protein separation and analysis

Question 1

What does ultracentrifugation do?

Answer 1

separates proteins based on size, shape, and density using high-speed centrifugation

Question 2

What is a sedimentation coefficient?

Answer 2

measure of how fast a particle sediments under influence of centrifugal force
- expressed in Svedberg units (S)
- Larger proteins have higher sedimentation coefficients, meaning they sediment faster

Question 3

What is the abbreviation for Mass Spectronomy?

Answer 3

MS

Question 4

What does MS stand for?

Answer 4

Mass Spectronomy

Question 5

What does Mass Spectronomy do?

Answer 5

identifies and quantifies proteins based on their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio
- proteins are ionized and fragmented into smaller peptides, and peptides are separated by m/z ratio by electric/magnetic field
- provides information about molecular weight and protein sequences

Question 6

What is a parent peak(presursor in peak)?

Answer 6

peak in mass spectrum that represents ionized form of intact peptide or protein before it undergoes fragmentation
- peak has larger mass than fragmented parts of protein

Question 7

What does MALDI stand for?

Answer 7

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization

Question 8

What is the abbreviation for Matric-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization?

Answer 8

MALDI

Question 9

What does ESI stand for?

Answer 9

Electrospray Ionization

Question 10

What is the abbreviation for Electrospray Ionization?

Answer 10

ESI

Question 11

What is the abbreviation for Isotope-Coded Affinity Tags?

Answer 11

ICAT

Question 12

What does ICAT stand for?

Answer 12

Isotope-Coded Affinity Tags

Question 13

What does ICAT do?

Answer 13

a method that involves labeling proteins with isotopic tags, which allows for quantification and identification of proteins via mass spectronomy

Question 14

What is the abbreviation for Surface Plasmon Resonance?

Answer 14

SPR

Question 15

What does SPR stand for?

Answer 15

Surface Plasmon Resonance

Question 16

What does SPR do?

Answer 16

measures interaction between molecules (protein-protein, protein-ligand) in real time without labeling

Question 17

What is the abbreviation for Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis?

Answer 17

2D-GE

Question 18

What does 2D-GE stand for?

Answer 18

2-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Question 19

What does 2D-GE do?

Answer 19

combines isoelectric focusing (separation based on isoelectric point) and SDS-PAGE (separation by size) for high-resolution proton separation

Question 20

What are Protein Microarrays?

Answer 20

involves immobilizing proteins on a solid surface to analyze interactions, functions, and abundance of proteins

Question 21

What is the abbreviation for Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy?

Answer 21

FTIR

Question 22

What does FTIR stand for?

Answer 22

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Question 23

What does FTIR do?

Answer 23

analyzes protein secondary structures based on infrared absorption spectra

Question 24

What is the abbreviation for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy?

Answer 24

NMR

Question 25

What does NMR Spectroscopy stand for?

Answer 25

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Question 26

What does NMR Spectroscopy do?

Answer 26

provides detailed information on structure and dynamics of proteins in a solution

Question 27

What is the abbreviation for Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy?

Answer 27

CD

Question 28

What does CD Spectroscopy stand for?

Answer 28

Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy

Question 29

What does CD Spectroscopy do?

Answer 29

measures absorption of circularly polarized light to analyze protein secondary structures