Types/functions of proteins Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are enzymes?
catalysts in biochemical reactions; speeds up reactions
- break down, link up, or rearrange substrates
What are hormones?
long-distance chemical signals released by endocrine cells
- changes to temperature and pH and presence of certain chemicals may disrupt protein shape, causing it to lose functionality
what do digestive enzymes do?
breaks down nutrients in food into small pieces that can be readily absorbed
Name a few digestive enzymes
amylase, lipase, pepsin
what do transport proteins/enzymes do?
carry substances throughout body in blood or lymph
Name a transport protein/enzyme
Hemoglobin
what do structure proteins do?
build different structures. like the cytoskeleton
Name a few structure proteins
actin, tubulin, keratin
what do hormone signaling proteins do?
coordinate activity of different body systems
name a few hormone signaling proteins
insulin, glucagon
what do defense proteins do?
protect the body from foreign pathogens
name a defense protein
antibodies
what do contraction proteins do?
carry out muscle contraction
name a contraction protein
myosin
what do storage proteins do?
provide food for early devlopment of the embryo/seedling
name a few storage proteins
legume storage proteins, albumin
What are amino acids?
monomers that make up proteins
how many types of amino acids are found in proteins?
20 types
What is a protein made up of?
1 or more linear chains of amino acids; also called polypeptides
What is the basic structure of amino acids?
has a central carbon atom bonded to the amino group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH) and a hydrogen atom
What does an R group do?
determines identity of the amino acid
what are peptide bonds?
covalent bonds that amino acids of polypeptide are attached to their neighbors; each bond forms in a dehydration synthesis reaction
