Guided Protein folding

Question 1

what is the folding process of proteins assisted by?

Answer 1

molecular chaperones

Question 2

why are chaperone proteins needed for protein folding assistance?

Answer 2

cellular environment can be crowded and stressful, which can cause nascent/misfolded proteins to aggregate/fold incorrectly

Question 3

How to chaperone proteins help with protein folding?

Answer 3

Help by stabilizing these proteins, prevent aggregations and provide optimal environment for proper folding, ensuring proteins achieve their correct functional conformations

Question 4

Types of chaperones

Answer 4

molecular chaperones, chaperonins, heat shock proteins (HSPs)

Question 5

what do molecular chaperones do?

Answer 5

bind to nascent/partially folded polypeptides, preventing improper interactions that can lead to aggregation/misfolding
Ex: HSP70 chaperones bind to hydrophobic regions of nascent proteins, preventing aggregation and facilitating correct folding

Question 6

What are chaperonins, and what do they do?

Answer 6

large, cylindrical complexes providing protected environment for protein folding
Ex: GroEl is a barrel shaped protein encapsulating polypeptide and GroEs acts as a cap, preventing aggregation and allows protein to fold properly within the chamber
- After folding, protein is released and chaperonin complex is ready to assist with another substrate