ADHD and Autism Flashcards
(33 cards)
what is autism (ASD)
it is a neurological disorder characterised by persistent challenges in social communication and interaction AND restrictive/ repetitive patterns of behaviour/ interest/ activities
what are social communications classed as
- social cues
- maintaining conversations
- forming relationships
- exploring emotions
what are repetitive behaviours
- movements
- routines
- patterns of behaviours
- intense focus on interests
what are sensory sensitivities
heightened/ diminished to sensory stimuli
what are signs and symptoms of ASD
traits involved with:
- cognitive pairing
- social communication
- repetitive behaviours
- social sensitivity
what are the causes and risk factors of ASD
- pre-natal environment
- immune system dysregulation
- family history
- genetic disorders
- advanced parental age
- premature birth
- prenatal factors
- gender = boys 4x more likely to be ‘diagnosed’
what are three key pathophysiology’s of ASD
- atypical brain growth
- synaptic dysfunction
- NT imbalance
what is the atypical brain growth patterns found in ASD
there is an overgrowth of the frontal cortex and the amygdala - where processing emotions, social cues and cognitive function occurs
what are the two different types of processing
- sensory
- monotropism
what is monotropism
where a single parts of information are viewed/ processed individually
what does monotropism lead to in autism
- strong attention to detail
- literal use of social language
- executive functioning
what is the management of ASD
- no medication
- management and control of the environment
- control of stimuli/ overwhelming stimuli
- using weighted blankets, headphones, sunglasses
what are the 2 subgroups in ADHD
- inattentive
- hyperactive
what are the traits of inattentive ADHD
- ‘lack of attention’
- overlooking details
- careless mistakes
- difficulty focusing
- failure to follow instructions
- failure to complete tasks
- loosing items
- forgetfulness
what are the traits of hyperactive/ impulsive ADHD
- ‘excessive activity’
- trouble sitting still
- fidgeting
- interrupting
- impatient
what is ADHD
attention deficit hyperactive disorder
- a neurological disorder characterised in persistent inattention and or hyperactivity
what is found in combined ADHD
- symptoms become less apparent with age
- more likely to have poor handwriting and dyslexia
- emotional dysregulation
what occurs in emotional dysregulation in combined ADHD
- an emotional response that doesn’t fit in traditional normal response: tantrums, crying ?, stress/ function doing crucial task
what are some complications found alongside ADHD
- anxiety
- depression
- sleep disorders
- autism
- learning disorders
what are the diagnostics for ADHD
- the diagnostic and statistical manual - DSM-5
- history taking and educational phsychologics
what are the diagnosis criteria for ADHD
- 9 long term symptoms of inattention/ hyperactivity
- 6 - must be present in kids
- 5 must be present in adults
- needs to have been present in childhood
- present in more than 1 environment
- must produce social, school, work impairments
what are the treatment options for ADHD
- CBT
- Meds
- non-pharm = exercise, diet
CBT as a treatment in ADHD
- cognitive behavioural therapy
- 1st line treatment in mild symptoms
- used in kids under 12
- therapy: psychoeducational, family, interpersonal
what are the stimulant medication in ADHD
- amphetamines
- methylphendate
