schizophrenia Flashcards
(26 cards)
schizophrenia definition
mental illness affecting how people think feel and behave
what are the 3 stages of psychosis
- prodromal
- acute
- recovery
what is the prodromal stage of psychosis
- early stage prior to full symptoms
- subtle changes in behaviour
- emotional and social function
- few days to 18 months
what are the features of prodromal stage
- cognitive decline
- social withdrawal
- mood disturbances
- unusual thoughts and perceptions
- mild hallucinations
- decline in function
what is the acute stage of psychosis
- diminished emotional response
- symptoms more prominent
- loose concept of reality
- increase effect of symptoms in prodromal
- last months/ years
what is the recovery stage of psychosis
return to a more stable state
what are causes of schizophrenia
- family genetics
- in utero medication, infection, postnatal trauma
- overstimulate hypothalamic pituitary adrenal crisis
- abnormality in brain development - PFC and hypothalamus
what are the risk factors of schizophrenia
- stressful life events
- childhood abuse
- cannabis abuse and other substances
- high dose corticosteroids
- migration from LIC to HIC
stats
0.5% people over 16 in the England have psychotic disorder diagnosis
what are cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia
- poor executive function
- memory problems - trouble focusing
what are positive sympotoms
ADD
- halluciantions
- delusions
what are negative symptoms
TAKE AWAY
- reduced speech
- loos of motivation
- self neglect
- social withdrawal
what do 1st generation antipsychotic work on
block dopamine 2 receptors in the brain
what do 2nd generation antipsychotics work on
range of receptors
what observational and vital sign changes will be seen
- meds side effects
- postural hypotension
- increased risk of type 2 DM
- apathy/ disorganised thinking
- increase in drug abuse
- speech changes
medication side effects from antipsychotics
- increase HR
- increase BP
- tremors
- muscle rigidity
- tardive dyskinesia - involuntary movements
- QT prolongation
why is there an increased risk in type 2 DM with schizophrenia
- increase insulin resistance
- caused by prolonged use of antipsychotic medication
what happens when there is an increase in drug abuse in schizophrenia
- increase HR
- irregular breathing
- signs of intoxication
what are the speech changes in schizophrenia
- disorganised/ incoherent speech
- echolalia - repeat words
- mutism - exhibit refusal to speak
what are psychosis characteristics
- hallucinations
- paranoia
- impulsivity
- delusion
- withdrawal and isolation
- apathetic
- disorganised thoughts and speech
treatments
antipsychotics
what are the different types of hallucinations
- visual
- olfactory
- auditory
- tactile
- gustatory
what are the types of delusion
- reference (external world significance to the person but are unrelated to them)
- grandiose (special powers, wealth, mission)
- persecution (belief they are being mistreated)
- somatic (believe they are sick)
- control (external forces controlling thoughts and feelin)
what are the adverse effects of antipsychotic medications
- sedation
- increased risk of sleep apnoea
- decreased seizure threshold
- cardiomyopathy
- myocarditis
- cutaneous vasculitis
- increase stroke risk
- anticholnergic effect (eg drug mouth)
