Adolescent Development

Question 1

What is the function of FSH?

Answer 1

Stimulates granulosa (female) and Sertoli (male) cells

Question 2

What is the function of LH?

Answer 2

Stimulates Leydig and theca cells

Question 3

What is the function of Sertoli cells?

Answer 3

They make AMH and cause the regression of the Mullerian ducts

Question 4

What is the function of Leydig cells?

Answer 4

Make testosterone which promotes growth and differentiation of the Wolfian duct.

Question 5

What is thelarche?

Answer 5

Breast budding

Question 6

What is adrenarche?

Answer 6

First appearance of pubic hair

Question 7

What is gonadarche?

Answer 7

Growth of testes and ovary

Question 8

What is menarche?

Answer 8

First menses cycle

Question 9

What is the first male sign of puberty?

Answer 9

Testes enlargement

Question 10

What is the first female sign of puberty?

Answer 10

Breast budding

Question 11

What are the features of Turner’s Syndrome?

Answer 11

– short stature
– webbed neck
– widely spaced nipples – high arched palate
– congenital heart disease

Question 12

What is the cause of Turner’s Syndrome?

Answer 12

XO chromosomes which is a problem because 2 X chromosomes are necessary for the development of the ovaries. As a result, there is primary ovarian failure and no E2 is produced.

Question 13

What is the problem in testicular feminization (androgen insensitivity)?

Answer 13

No androgen receptors

Question 14

What is considered delayed for female puberty?

Answer 14

No thelarche by age 13

Question 15

At what time is lack of menarche abnormal?

Answer 15

2.5 years after thelarche

Question 16

What is considered abnormal in the Tanner stages?

Answer 16

Gaps of > 2 stages in different areas is abnormal.

Question 17

What is precocious puberty?

Answer 17

Sexual development prior to the earliest accepted age

Question 18

What is the precocious pubertal age in males?

Answer 18

9 years

Question 19

What is the precocious pubertal age in females?

Answer 19

6 years

Question 20

What occurs in the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 20

Pulsatile GnRH release with increased LH and FSH that leads to ovarian follicle growth and endometrial thickening

Question 21

What occurs in the ovulatory stage of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 21

As E2 increases past a threshold it will switch to positive feedback and cause an LH surge that results in the release of the follicle

Question 22

What occurs in the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 22

Corpus luteum makes progesterone and E2 to prepare uterus for egg implantation and it will regress without fertilization

Question 23

What is menorrhagia?

Answer 23

Normal intervals; increased flow.

Question 24

What is metrorrhagia?

Answer 24

Irregular intervals; normal flow.

Question 25

What is polymenorrhea?

Answer 25

Intervals between menses

Question 26

What is oligomenorrhea?

Answer 26

Intervals between menses >35 days

Question 27

What is menometrorrhagia?

Answer 27

Irregular intervals; increased flow

Question 28

What is one reason menses can occur without ovulation (mostly in adolescents)?

Answer 28

Adolescents have negative feedback of E2 so increased E2 will decrease LH/FSH mid cycle and so there is no ovulation

Question 29

What is another reason menses can occur without ovulation (mostly accompanied by metrorrhagia)?

Answer 29

E2 does not decrease due to NO negative feedback which leads to unopposed E2 that causes continual endometrial growth