EKG Conference Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 bipolar leads of heart?

A

Lead I
Lead II
Lead III

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2
Q

What are the unipolar leads of the heart?

A

aVR
aVF
aVL

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3
Q

What are the precordial unipolar leads of the heart?

A
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
V6
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4
Q

What direction is the mean frontal plane vector and what is its range?

A

It goes down and to the left.

The normal angle of the MFP vector is from -30 degrees to 105 degrees.

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5
Q

Of all the leads, which one has the largest deflection and why?

A

Lead II. It is parallel with the to the MFP vector.

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6
Q

What is the PR interval of the EKG?

A

It is when the SA node activates the atria and then activates the AV node and the His bundle and Purkinje fibers after that.

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7
Q

What is the normal time range of the PR interval?

A

120 - 200 ms

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8
Q

What is the QRS complex of the EKG?

A

It is the activation of the ventricles.

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9
Q

What is the normal time range of the QRS complex?

A

70 - 100 ms

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10
Q

What is the QT interval?

A

It is the duration of the action potential OR the refractory period

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11
Q

What is the normal time range of the QT interval?

A

250 - 430 ms

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12
Q

What is the ST segment?

A

It corresponds with the plateau of the action potential and shifts up or down can indicate ischemia or infarction.

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13
Q

What is the U wave of the EKG?

A

It is thought to be the repolarization of the Purkinje fibers.

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14
Q

What makes the U wave more prominent?

A

Hypokalemia

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15
Q

What is the probable cause if all the EKG reading show very high amplitude?

A

Hypertrophy of the heart

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16
Q

What part of the cardiac cycle is lost more and more with increasing heart rate?

A

The diastole of the T wave to the R wave is lost more and more with increasing heart rate.

17
Q

Where is lead aVR connected? What is its detection region?

A

Right Arm - Indetermined

18
Q

Where is lead aVF connected?

What is its detection region?

A

Left Leg - Inferior

19
Q

Where is lead aVL connected?

What is its detection region?

A

Left Arm - Lateral

20
Q

Where is V1 connected and what is its detection region?

A

4th intercostal space on right - Septal

21
Q

Where is V2 connected and what is its detection region?

A

4th intercostal space on left - Septal

22
Q

Where is V3 connected and what is its detection region?

A

Midway between V2 and V4 - Anterior

23
Q

Where is V4 connected and what is its detection region?

A

Left mid-clavicular line in 5th intercostal space - Anterior

24
Q

Where is V5 connected and what is its detection region?

A

Left anterior axillary line at the level of V4 - Lateral

25
Q

Where is V6 connected and what is its detection region?

A

Left midaxillary line at the level of V4 - Lateral

26
Q

Where are the positive and negative ends of Lead I connected? What area does it detect?

A

Positive - Left Arm
Negative - Right Arm
Lateral

27
Q

Where are the positive and negative ends of Lead II connected? What area does it detect?

A

Positive - Left Leg
Negative - Right Arm
Inferior

28
Q

Where are the positive and negative ends of Lead III connected? What area does it detect?

A

Positive - Left Leg
Negative - Left Arm
Inferior

29
Q

Why does repolarization appear as positive on the EKG?

A

It is positive because depolarization occurs where depolarization ends and goes backwards from epicardium to endocardium.

30
Q

What is a right MFP vector shift?

A

Greater than 105 degrees

31
Q

What is a left MFP vector shift?

A

Less than -30 degrees

32
Q

In terms of vector summation, what is the equivalent of Lead II?

A

Lead I + Lead III