Adolescent Development

Question 1

When do girls undergo puberty?

Answer 1

around 11 years of age

Question 2

when do boys undergo puberty?

Answer 2

around 13 years of age

Question 3

how much weight do girls and boys gain during the adolescent growth spurt?

Answer 3

9 kg and 11.4 kg

Question 4

when do girls begin their growth spurt relative to boys?

Answer 4

2 years before boys

Question 5

when do both girls and boys start their growth spurt and reach mature status?

Answer 5

• girls = 11, 15

- boys = 13, 17

Question 6

what are primary sex characteristics?

Answer 6

organs directly involved in reproduction

Question 7

what are secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 7

physical signs of maturity that are not directly linked to reproduction

Question 8

examples of secondary sex characteristics in girls and boys?

Answer 8

• girls = breasts and width of the pelvis

- boys = facial hair, deepening of the voice, broadening of the shoulders in boys

Question 9

what is menarche?

Answer 9

onset of menstruation in girls

Question 10

what is spermarche?

Answer 10

first spontaneous ejaculation of sperm-containing flui

Question 11

what is the timing of menarche in countries where nutrition and health care are better?

Answer 11

earlier menarche

Question 12

what does psychosocial stress do to menarche? why?

Answer 12

earlier menarche. the sustained stress pushes girl through development

Question 13

what does higher bmi do to menarche? specifics of the fact?

Answer 13

higher bmi at age 8 in australia is associated with earlier menarche

Question 14

are boys are girls more likely to be pleased with their appearance?

Answer 14

boys

Question 15

what is early maturation for girls and boys?

Answer 15

9, 11

Question 16

what is late maturation for girls and boys?

Answer 16

(14-15), (15-16)

Question 17

who does early maturation benefit?

Answer 17

boys

Question 18

what is moodiness associated with?

Answer 18

activities. recreational activities are associated with good mood and adult-regulated activities with negative mood.

Question 19

psychosocial tasks of adolescence?

Answer 19

1. acceptance of the changed sexualised body
2. emancipation from parents
3. develop a new relationship with peers
4. find a (lucrative) activity
5. construct a system of values
6. achieve an identity

Question 20

how many calories should girls and boys consume a day during teen years?

Answer 20

2200, 2700

Question 21

overweight teens are:

Answer 21

• more likely to be unpopular, have low-self-esteem
• put health at risk (high bp, diabetes)
• at risk of overweightness in adulthood

Question 22

how can genes affect obesity?

Answer 22

affect on basal metabolic rate

Question 23

how many programs for losing weight work?

Answer 23

about 20%

Question 24

how many 12-17 year old students reported lifetime use of anabolic and androgenic steroids?

Answer 24

2.4%

Question 25

what is lifetime use of anabolic and androgenic steroids associated with?

Answer 25

- being male - below average academic performance - other substance use

Question 26

risk taking in adults and young people difference?

Answer 26

- young people are more likely to accept ambiguous situations - where positive and negative outcomes are unknown - adolescents may give greater weight to the social consequences of choices

Question 27

smoking in australians 12-17 years old?

Answer 27

- smoking in australia is decreasing | - 2.5% smoke daily

Question 28

what is average age of first cigarette for males and females?

Answer 28

- males = 15.2 | - females = 16.5

Question 29

proportion of 12-17 years old not drinking alcohol or abstaining?

Answer 29

increasing

Question 30

NH&MRC definition of binge-drinking?

Answer 30

"On a single occasion of drinking, the risk of alcohol related injury increases with the amount consumed. For healthy men and women, drinking no more than 4 standard drinks on a single occasion reduces the risk of alcohol-related injury arising from that occasion.”

Question 31

what is sexual orientation?

Answer 31

patterns of emotional, romantic and sexual attraction and our sense of personal and social identity based on these attractions

Question 32

how many 15 year olds and 18 year olds had romantic relationships in the past 1.5 years?

Answer 32

50% of 15 year olds, 70-something%

Question 33

what is early dating with many partners related to ?

Answer 33

-problems in adolescence

Question 34

what is early dating associated with?

Answer 34

less satisfying romantic relationships in adulthood

Question 35

difference between girls and boys in relationships?

Answer 35

girls put more importance

Question 36

factors associating with lack of use of contraceptives?

Answer 36

- ignorance - illusion of invulnerability - lack of motivation - lack of access

Question 37

factors related to females being forced to have sex with someone they know?

Answer 37

- judgement or assertiveness impaired by alcohol - submissive beliefs about female role - fact that the couple have had sex before

Question 38

factors related to boys committing acts of violence?

Answer 38

- abused as children or witnessed domestic violence | - belief that violence is a norma part of romantic relationships