adolescent development part 2 Flashcards
what did Somerville find about self consciousness?
participants completed fMRI scanning, and told a camera was embedded in the scanner
when told the camera was on (in 1/3 states), participants told someone was monitoring the camera
when they thought they were observed, adolescents reported greater embarassment compared to children/adults, and had heightened levels of physiological response
this was related to age dependent sensitivity of brain systems
what did Weil find about metacognitive abilities? (reflect on own thoughts/behaviours)
participants performed a perceptual task
after each task, told to rate how confident they were that they chose the correct answer
ability to identify accuracy levels increased with age, may relate to increased egocentrism and developing self awareness
what did Alberts find out about personal fable?
measured personal fable and risk taking in students
asked questions related to invulnerability and speciality
personal fable scores increased with age
higher scores in males for invulneability
positive correlation between personal fable and risk taking
is the imaginary audience an outdated theory?
now real for adolescents
‘new look model’= imaginary audience and personal fable are coping mechanisms used by adolescents to cope with stressful developmental aims
doesn’t account for sex differences
what two reasons explain why adolescents engage in more risk taking behaviours than children and adults?
social influence
brain development
what did Knoll find out about social influence on risk perception?
participants were presented with risk scenarios
asked to rate how risky these were
shown ratings other people gave the same scenario
asked to re-rate the risk scenario
what were the results of social influence on risk perception?
initially children rated scenarios as more risky
no difference between adolescents and adults
all age groups influenced by others’ ratings
adolescents influence the most
what did Gardner and Steinberg find about peer influence on risk taking?
adolescents, youths and adults completed a driving stimulation game, alone or in the presence of a peer
alone= all took similar risks
peer= adolescents and youths took more risks compared to alone
what is the limbic system?
collection of structures in the brain, relating to emotion and reward
when is the limbic system hyperactive?
in adolescence
may overshadow potential negative consequences
what is the dual system model? (Steinberg)
prefrontal regions associated with decision making and inhibitory control are still developing during adolescence
hypersensitive limbic system coupled with later maturation of prefrontal cortex may be responsible for adolescence behaviour
