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Adrenals Exam 2 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What zona are mineralocorticoids in?

A

Zona glomerulosa

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2
Q

What are hormones of the inner medulla ?

A

Catacholamines

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3
Q

Glucocorticoids induce the synthesis of ________that inhibits photolipase A2

A

Lipocortin

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4
Q

What are a couple symptoms of Cushings.

A

Poor wound healing, osteoporosis, strie, hypertension ACTH low.

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5
Q

What 3 things inhibit ACTH secretion ?***

A

Increased blood cortisol levels, opioids, somatostatin

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6
Q

Where are the adrenals located?

A

The retro peritoneal cavity on the top of the kidney

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7
Q

What types of hormones control sodium and potassium?

A

Mineralocorticoids

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8
Q

Are medullary hormones fast or slow?

A

Fast

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9
Q

A patient with moon face, buffalo hump, and central obesity are symptoms of what disease?

A

Cushings

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10
Q

What are symptoms of Cushings DISEASE ?

A

HIGH ACTH

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11
Q

Prolonged exposure to an increase of glucocorticoids what is that called?

A

Cushings

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12
Q

When does the largest burst of ACTH and cortisol occur?

A

Just before awakening

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13
Q

Cholesterol requires what enzymes?

A

Cytochrome P-450, O2, and NADPH

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14
Q

Where does most of the secretion happen in the adrenals?

A

Cortex (mesoderm)

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15
Q

what effect does GC in the fetus?

A

Lung (alveoli and production of surfactant)

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16
Q

What inhibits the release of histamine and serotonin from mast cells and platelets?

A

Glucocorticoids

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17
Q

What is a synthetic glucocorticoid that has all the actions of cortisol but is more potent?

A

DXS

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18
Q

When is the lowest secretory Rates of cortisol?

A

During evening hours just before falling asleep

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19
Q

Does a low dose of ACTH suppress cortisol secretion

A

No (high dose does)

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20
Q

What enzyme converts progesterone to 11-deoxy or to 17-hyroxy to 11-deoxycortisol

A

21 B-hydroxylase

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21
Q

Most of the cholesterol is provided via_____, small amounts are synthesized within the________?

A

Circulation, cortex

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22
Q

What are some physiologic functions of glucocorticoids?

A

Anti inflammatory, suppress immune response (thymus), inhibition of bone formation, increase GFR

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23
Q

What do glucocorticoids inhibit that prevent rejection of transplanted organs?

A

IL-2, and proliferation of T lymphocytes

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24
Q

With sustained stimulation what can happen to output>?

A

Increase manyfold

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25
What drugs inhibit glucocorticoids?
Metyrapone, Ketoconazole
26
What type of hormone affects body fuel metabolism?
Glucocorticords
27
Amount of corticosterone a day?
2mg
28
Slower acting cortical hormones do what 3 things?
Maintain or INCREASE sensitry to medullary hormones, maintain or enhance capacity of tissue to respond to medullary hormones, act as modulators rather that initiators of response.
29
How is secondary adrenocortical insufficiency different than Addison's disease
ACTH level are low, no hyperpigmenation
30
What is more common 17a-hydroxy or 21 B-hydroxy
21 B-hydroxy
31
What is an auto immune destruction of the entire adrenal cortex ?
Addison's disease
32
The secretion of minderalocorticoids are controlled mainly by what?>
Renin-angiotensin system (kidney)
33
The medulla is also know as the ________?
Ectoderm
34
Aldosterone produced a day ?
150 ug
35
Cortisol secretion is in a _______and_____ fashion
Pulsatile, diurnal
36
What effects does GC have on REM sleep, slow way, and wakefulness.
Decrease REM, increase slow wave and wakefulness
37
The secretion of glucocorticords is controlled by what?
ACTH (anterior pituitary)
38
Are cortical hormones fast or slow ?
Slow
39
Is the adrenal medulla required for survival?
No (if rest of SNS is intact)
40
What hormone has an effect on the testes?
Androgens
41
A prolonged exposure to increased Glucocorticicoids often leads to what?
Diabetes mellitus
42
What is essential for survival during fasting and why?
Glucocorticoids. Gluconeogenesis
43
Do the adrenal cortex and medulla work together both internally and externally ?
Yes
44
Without the adrenals, electrolyte levels and CHO metabolism would be impaired leading to?
Circulatory collapse or hypoglycemia coma
45
Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency is mainly caused from what?
Insufficient ACTH
46
What zonas produces glucocorticoids?
Zona reticularis, zona fasciculata
47
In tissues what can convert cortisol (active) to cortisone (inactive) ?
11 B hydroxysteroid
48
What is the precursor for all adrenocortical steroids?
Cholesterol
49
What is the most likely causes of death because of adrenocortical insufficiency?
Circulatory collapse secondary to Na depletion
50
What types of hormones specifically are released from the cortex>?
Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens
51
Without the adrenals what would happen?
Deranged electrolyte levels or carb metabolism
52
What hormones are secreted from the medulla specifically ?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
53
What has a tonic secondary effect on aldosterone?
ACTH
54
Amount of cortisol a day
20mg
55
What percent of patients with Cushings are also diabetic ?
20%
56
The secretion of androgens are controlled by what?
ACTH (anterior pituitary)
57
Amount of androgens a day ?
10-15 a day
58
What does cholesterol circulated bound to?
LDL (receptors for LDLs are in the membrane of adrenocortical cells)
59
Neither low nor high doses of DXS suppresses cortisol secretion indicates a tumor where?
Adrenals cortex
60
What plays a crucial role in the acute response to stess?
Adrenal medulla
61
The cortex is also know as________?
Mesoderm
62
What zonas are androgens located?
Zona reticularis, Zona Facsciculata
63
What are hormones of the outer cortex?
Steroids

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