Fuel Flashcards
(23 cards)
Why do warm blooded animals require uninterrupted supply of energy for?
Maintain temp, grow, reproduce, fight, flee
Where do we store fuel?
Liver, adipose, skeletal muscle
What are the two major regulators of fuel homiostasis? *****
Endocrine and autonomic NS
When dietary or stored CHO is inadequate the availability of glucose is mantainted by what to strategies?
Gluconeogenesis (lactate, glycerol, alpine), and inhibition of utilization by tissues with alternate sources (fatty acids, ketones)
Name all of the primary fuel hormones>?
Insulin, epinephrine, cortisol, glucagon, GH, Throxine (T4), leptin
What are the principal target tissues?
Adipose, liver, skeletal muscle, brain
The glucose fatty acid cycle does what?
Increase in FA to muscle limits glucose utilization, and an increase in glucose limits FA utilization
AMPK in increased by what?
Phosphorylation
What is the prose of AMPK ?
Increase energy production and decrease energy consumption
What decrease blood glucose? **
Insulin
What are some things that increase blood glucose? (Known as coulter reg hormones)
Epi/norepi, glucagon, cortisol, GH
What is hypoglycemia?
Low blood glucose
What is the response from the pancrease if there is hypoglycemia?
Stimulate alpha cells to release glucagon
What happens in the liver during hypoglycemia ?
Gluconeogenesis
What two homes are stimulated because of hypoglycemia?
CRF and GHRH (which increase pituitary ACTH and GH)
What three hormones have a synergistic effect to raise blood glucose levels?
Glucagon, cortisol, epi/norepinephrine
What hormone is not useful to a rapid restoration of blood glucose but is helpful after some time?
Growth hormone from the Anterior pituitary
What is MOST responsive to insulin?
LIVER
In the short term what is the immediate source of blood glucose?
Liver glycogen
In the short term what lowers blood glucose?
Insulin
In the short term what raises blood glucose?
Glucagon (so do catecholamines a little)
Hypoglycemia is perceived by what two cells?
Pancreatic alpha cells, and glucose sensing cells of the hypothalamus
The long term regulation of blood glucose concentration is direct and indirect to insure what?
Peripheral drain on glucose reserve is minimized, and liver contains adequate reservoir of glycogen to satisfy glucose demand.
