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Year 2 > Adrenergic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Adrenergic Pharmacology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What cranial nerves carry signals TO the body

A

3,7,9(glossopharyngeal),10

Sacral outflow to innervate pelvis

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2
Q

Two main types of adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha

Beta

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3
Q

What structures ONLY have a sympathetic innervation

A

Sweat glands, blood vessels

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4
Q

Which structures ONLY have parasympathetic innervation

A

Bronchial smooth muscle

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5
Q

How does sympathetic pathway effect sweat glands and why is this the case

A

Causes release of ACh INSTEAD of noradrenaline to stimulate muscarinic receptors

(they are not innervated by parasympathetic pathways)

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6
Q

What are NANC receptors

A

Found in the enteric nervous system (they are non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic)

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7
Q

What replaces noradrenaline and ACh in the enteric nervous system

A
  1. NO and Intestinal peptide (parasympathetic)

2. ATP and neuropeptide Y (sympathetic)

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8
Q

How does muscarine effect muscarinic receptors

A

Activates M receptors

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9
Q

What type of receptors are M1-5

A

G protein coupled receptors

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10
Q

Where are M1 receptors found

A

Brain

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11
Q

Where are M2 receptors found

A

Heart

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12
Q

Where are M3 found

A

Glands and smooth muscle

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13
Q

Where are M4/5 found

A

CNS

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14
Q

What happens when we activated M2 receptors

A

Slows heart doen

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15
Q

What drug do we prescribe to prevent bradycardia and cardiac arrest

A

Atropine (blocks M2)

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16
Q

Where is Noradrenaline released vs adrenaline

A

Noradrenaline is released from sympathetic nerve fibre ends

Adrenaline is released from adrenal glands

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17
Q

What is the precursor for adrenaline and noradrenliane

A

Dopamine

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18
Q

Does alpha 1 have a higher affinity for Nad or Ad

A

NAd

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19
Q

What happens after binding to alpha 1

A

Increases intracellular calcium and Gq signalling

Constricts smooth muscle (vasoconstriction)

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20
Q

What two adrenergic receptors have equal affinity for Nad and Ad

A

Alpha 1 and Beta 1

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21
Q

What adrenergic receptor had greater affinity for Ad

A

Beta 2

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22
Q

What adrenergic receptors have a greater affinity for beta 3 an alpha 1 receptors

A

NAd

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23
Q

Effect of alpha 2 activation

A

Smooth muscle effects

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24
Q

Effect of beta 1

A

Increase heart rate

May cause arrhythmia

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25
Define chronotropic
Factors that Change the heart rate
26
Define inotropic
Factors that affect the strength of heart contraction s
27
Where are alpha 1 most influential
Skin and abdominal bed
28
What drug do we prescribe for alpha activation in nasal decongestion
Xylometazoline
29
What receptors does Clonidine act on
Alpha 2 (agonist)
30
What does Clonidine do
Lower BP
31
Role of Doxazosin
Blocks alpha 1 to lower BP (same job as clonidine)
32
Role of Tamsulosin
Blocks alpha 1A receptors in prostate to treat prostatic hypertrophy
33
How do we treat asthma
Beta 2 agonists (muscle relaxation)
34
Side effects of beta agonists
Tachycardia and effects glucose metabolism in the liver:
35
What adrenergic receptors affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Beta 1 and 3
36
What receptor do we activate (agonist) to reduce over-active bladders
Beta 3
37
When is propranolol given and what receptors do these effect
Beta 1 and 2 Slow HR and reduce tremours
38
Side effect of propranolol
Cause wheeze
39
When is Atenolol given and what receptors do these effect
Beta-1 Lowers BP by reducing CO and sympathetic outflow activity) - treat arrhythmias
40
Two drugs with similar effects as Atenolol
Bisoprolol | Metoprolol
41
4 uses of beta blockers
``` Angina MI prevention High BP Anxiety Arrhythmias Heart Failure ```
42
When is Methyldopa given
Last resort antihypertensive
43
How does methyldopa work
Blocks Nad synthesis
44
How do MAOIs effect Nad breakdown
Prevent it (acts as an antidepressant)
45
If a patient has a cardiac arrest, what would we prescribe them
Atropine for bradycardia
46
What would we prescribe to patients with well-controlledd COPD with prostatic hypertrophy and bladder instability
COPD - M3 antagonist, B2 agonist Prostatic hypertrophy - alpha agonist Bladder instability - B3
47
What would we prescribe individuals with cardiac disease (angina or fibrillation)
Beta 1 blocker
48
What would we prescribe parents with pneumonia and septic shock and wheeze
Pneumonia and septic shock - Noradrenaline Wheeze - Beta agonist
49
What would we prescribe patients who are penicillin allergic and get anaphylaxis
Adrenaline
50
How is adrenaline synthesised
Tyrosine -> DOPA -> Dopamine ->Noradrenaline -> Adrenaline
51
What enzyme converts tyrosine to DOPA
Tyrosine Hydroxylase
52
What enzyme converts DOPA to dopamine
DOPA decarboxylase
53
What enzyme converts noradrenaline to adrenaline
Phenyl ethanol amine N-methyltransferase
54
What enzyme catalyses conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline
DOPAMINE beta-hydroxylase
55
What enzymes inactivate noradrenaline
MAO and COMT (the equivalent to ACh Esterase)
56
How do MAO and COMT inactivate noradrenaline
Metabolising it to reduce its stimulant effect
57
What other hormone are inactivated by MAO and COMT
Adrenaline and Dopamine
58
Physiology of Alpha-1 adrenceptors
Gq protein bound to alpha 1 and phospholipase C PI -> DAG and IP3 via phospholipase C DAG and IP3 cause cascade
59
Physiology of alpha-2 receptors
Couples with Gi (i inhibit) and inhibit coupled adenyl cyclase
60
What are beta receptors coupled with
Gs and adenyl cyclase
61
What does Gs in beta receptors activate
Protein Kinase from cAMP
62
Adrenergic receptors in Blood vessels
Alpha 1
63
Adrenergic receptors in heart
Beta 1
64
Adrenergic receptors in Smooth muscle
Beta 2
65
What two drugs effect blood vessels and bladder only
Phenylephrine Oxymetazoline - vasoconstriction
66
Why are phenylephrine and oxymetazoline useful as nasal decongestants
Vasoconstriction results in less fluid leakage from vessels
67
How does amphetamines and cocaine effect nerves
Inhibits noradrenaline transporter on pre-synaptic neurone resulting in build up of catecholamines - CNS overstimulation
68
How does Mao and COMT inhibition effect the adrenergic junction
Build up of noradrenaline and dopamine treat parkinson + depression
69
Name an alpha 2 antagonist
Yohimbine - noradrenaline inhibition does not occur leading to an increase in noradrenaline and other catecholamines
70
Why should we not use beta blocker sin asthmatics
Most will already be on beta 2 agonists

Year 2 (155 decks)

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