Adrenocorticosteriods

Question 1

where are adrenocorticosteriods released from?

Answer 1

adrenal cortex

Question 2

what is released by the adrenal cortex in response to the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 2

hydrocortisone

Question 3

Glucocorticoids cause an increase in the circulating levels of which white blood cells?

Answer 3

neutrophils

Question 4

for which type of oral lesion would glucocorticoids be contraindicated?

Answer 4

herpetic gingivostomatitis

Question 5

for which type of oral lesion would glucocorticoids be contraindicated?

Answer 5

herpetic gingivostomatitis

Question 6

what will be reduced/decreased when glucocorticoid is in excess?

Answer 6

secretion of growth hormone, bone formation, linear growth, and visceral obesity

Question 7

what is the result when there is an excessive production of adrenocort?

Answer 7

cushings disease

Question 8

which drug has super high potency in glucocorticoid activity?

Answer 8

Clobetasol propionate (Temovate)

Question 9

where are corticost used most extensively in both medicine and dentistry?

Answer 9

inflammatory and allergic conditions

Question 10

more often than not, patients with what condition do not normally require steroid supplementation for most routine dental procedures?

Answer 10

secondary adrenal insufficiency

Question 11

without stress, the normal adult secretes approx how much hydrocortisone daily?

Answer 11

20 mg

Question 12

when does the maximal secretion of hydrocortisone occur in the body?

Answer 12

between 4am and 8am in people with a normal schedule

Question 13

under the influence of what hormone does the pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal cortex to release hydrocortisone?

Answer 13

corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 14

what is secreted from the pitury gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone?

Answer 14

ACTH

Question 15

What are the mineralocorticoid effects of corticosteriods?

Answer 15

increased sodium retention, decreased potassium retention, edema, and hypertension

Question 16

how are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids caused?

Answer 16

primarily an extension of their therapeutic actions

Question 17

what is addison disease caused by?

Answer 17

produced by deficiency of adrenocorticosteriods

Question 18

what is cushing syndrome caused by?

Answer 18

excess of adrenocorticosteriods

Question 19

what are the characteristics of cushing syndrome?

Answer 19

moon (round) face, muscle wasting, and buffalo hump (fat deposit on back of neck)

Question 20

patients who are on which corticosteriod regimen should be prescribed supplemental corticosteriods before a stressful dental procedure?

Answer 20

patients currently taking between 20-40 mg of hydrocortisone every day

Question 21

inhibition of phospholipase A by steriods leads to decreased production of what?

Answer 21

prostaglandins and leukotrienes

Question 22

because of the antiinflammatory action of this drug, they may decrease resistance to infection and also mask its symptoms

Answer 22

corticosteriods

Question 23

what drug may mask symptoms of an infection, but also decreases a patients ability to fight infection by suppression of the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes?

Answer 23

adrenocorticosteriods

Question 24

what are some adverse reactions of corticosteriods

Answer 24

cataracts, hypertension, congestive heart failure, osteoporosis, and they increase intraocular pressure, which may exacerbate glaucoma

Question 25

what dose of hydrocortisone would be equivalent to a 1mg dose of triamcinolone?

Answer 25

5mg oral dose

Question 26

the mucosal surfaces are more likley to have an infection and are more friable when taking these drugs?

Answer 26

adrenocorticosteriods

Question 27

what happens to endogenous corticosteriod levels in response to an especially stressful stimulus?

Answer 27

can increase tenfold

Question 28

corticosteriods reduce resistance to what?

Answer 28

infection

Question 29

is it true that supplemental steriods may be required if the patient has severe dental fears or for major surgical procedures?

Answer 29

do not need additional corticosteriods

Question 30

what occurs because of a relative lack of corticosteriods during stress?

Answer 30

adrenal crisis

Question 31

what do dental professionals need to know about adrenal crisis?

Answer 31

is a rare event in dentistry

Question 32

negative feedback involves the action of adrenocorticosteriods on what parts of the body?

Answer 32

hypothalamus and pituary gland