Anti-Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

Most patients with generalized anxiety disorder and panic attacks are now being treated with what drugs?

A

antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what percentage of americans seek oral care only when absolutely necessary?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what percentage of americans refuse to seek any dental care due to fear?

A

7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the most commonly prescribed antianxiety drugs?

A

benzos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the mechanism of action of benzos?

A

enhance of facilitate the action of the neurotransmitter by exerting their effects in the CNS mediated by y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the clinical effects of benzos?

A

low doses- anxiety and panic reduction
high doses- drowsiness and sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which benzo is preferred for use in elderly patients?

A

phase 2 metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what drug may be used to reverse some of the effects of benzos?

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which of the following sleep stages is enhanced with the use of benzos?

A

Nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which is the primary adverse reaction associated with the use of benzos for conscious sedation?

A

respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

near- term administration of benzos to the mother has resulted in what adverse condition?

A

floppy infant syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

because these agents are seldom absoultely needed, except for epilepsy, what type of patient should avoid benzos?

A

women who are or may become pregnant and nursing mothers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what reduces the effectiveness of benzos?

A

smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are benzos indicated for epilepsy?

A

because they limit the spread of abnormal activity to other parts of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when benzos are used in dentistry to produce conscious sedation, what is used as an initial endpoint for dose administered?

A

appearance of ptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what IV benzo is used for conscious sedation in the dental office?

A

Midazolam (Versed)

17
Q

once the patient uses a benzo before their dental appt and sees there is no reason to fear, what should be tried before the next appt?

A

try weaning them off of the medication by using nonpharmacologic sleep measures

18
Q

because the injectable barbs are highly irritating, how are they used?

A

IV not IM

19
Q

barbs act on nerves by enhancing the binding of which neurotransmitter to its receptor

A

GABA

20
Q

What is the therapeutic index of benzos in relation to barbs?

A

benzos are wider

21
Q

what can chronic use of barbs lead to?

A

physical and psychological dependence

22
Q

barbs are absolutely contraindicated in what patients?

A

intermittent porphyria or a positive family history of porphyria

23
Q

what is the longest acting barb

A

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

24
Q

what drug is unique in structure and action?

A

buspirone

25
Q

why is the pharmacologic effect of buspirone called anxioselective?

A

because of its selective anxiolytic action without hypnotic, anticonvulsant, or muscle-relaxant properties

26
Q

what drug is a rapid-acting hypnotic that is less potent and has a shorter duration of action than zolpidem?

A

zaleplon