CNS

Question 1

what is the origin of a psychiatric disorder?

Answer 1

psychogenic origin without evidence of structural or biochemical abnormaility

Question 2

what does the -schizo in schizophrenia mean?

Answer 2

loss of perception of reality

Question 3

what are examples of negative effects caused from treatment of psychiatric disorders?

Answer 3

flat affect and apathy

Question 4

what is the name of the disorder when patients exhibit alternating periods of depression and excitation (mania, elation)

Answer 4

bipolar depression, also known as manic-depressive disorder

Question 5

the amount of any drug prescribed at one time should not exceed what amount when the drug is for a depressed or suicidal patient?

Answer 5

the amount required for a lethal dose, usually a 1-week supply

Question 6

how do the side effects of the second-generation antipsychotics compare with those of the first generation?

Answer 6

less side effects with 2nd generation

Question 7

what is the mechanism of action of first generation antipsychotic agents?

Answer 7

dopamine antagonist

Question 8

how do first-generation antipsychotics work on both the positive and negative effects of psychosis?

Answer 8

active against the positive effects of psychosis but have little effect on the negative effects

Question 9

first-generation antipsychotics would have little effect on which symptom of psychosis?

Answer 9

flat affect

Question 10

first generation antipsychotic therapy must often be combined with what other drugs to control excessive extrapyramidal stimulation?

Answer 10

anticholinergic drugs such as benztropine

Question 11

second generation antipsychotics are primarily antagonists at what receptor types?

Answer 11

Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin

Question 12

extrapyramidal effects or movement disorders can occur with what drugs?

Answer 12

all first-generation antipsychotics

Question 13

what are involuntary, repetitive body movements involving the tongue, lips, face, and jaw called?

Answer 13

tardive dyskinesia

Question 14

what are involuntary, repetitive body movements involving the tongue, lips, face, and jaw called?

Answer 14

tardive dyskinesia

Question 15

what are extrapyramidal effects exacerbated by?

Answer 15

drug withdrawal

Question 16

how do extrapyramidal effects affect dental treatment?

Answer 16

dental treatment is difficult because of the strength of the oral facial and tongue muscles and the involuntary movements can make home care difficult, if not impossible

Question 17

what can the side effects of the first generation antipsychotic agents cause?

Answer 17

severe intermittent pain in the region of the TMJ, a result of the spasm of the muscles of mastication

Question 18

what should the dental hygienist NOT do if muscle spasm is present as a result of tardive dyskinesia

Answer 18

force should not be used to open the patients mouth