adult 1: opportunistic infxn + iron def anemia

Question 1

What are opportunistic infections?

Answer 1

Infections that occur due to weakened immunity, commonly in patients with AIDS

Question 2

What is the most common life-threatening respiratory infection in AIDS patients?

Answer 2

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

Question 3

What can untreated PCP lead to?

Answer 3

Pulmonary impairment and respiratory failure

Question 4

What respiratory infection is associated with bird droppings?

Answer 4

Mycobacterium avium complex

Question 5

What type of pneumonia is Mycobacterium avium complex often called?

Answer 5

“Fungal pneumonia”

Question 6

Which common respiratory opportunistic infection is also a major public health concern?

Answer 6

Tuberculosis

Question 7

What is oral candidiasis also known as?

Answer 7

Thrush

Question 8

What GI symptoms are common with HIV?

Answer 8

Diarrhea due to HIV or enteric pathogens

Question 9

What is wasting syndrome?

Answer 9

10% weight loss with chronic diarrhea or chronic weakness and fever

Question 10

What contributes to protein-energy malnutrition in HIV/AIDS?

Answer 10

Anorexia, diarrhea, GI malabsorption, and poor nutrition

Question 11

What cancer causes cutaneous lesions in AIDS patients?

Answer 11

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 12

What risks are associated with Kaposi sarcoma lesions?

Answer 12

Discomfort, ulceration, and infection

Question 13

What type of lymphoma is more common in AIDS patients?

Answer 13

B cell lymphomas

Question 14

What are symptoms of HIV encephalopathy?

Answer 14

Progressive cognitive, behavioral, and motor decline

Question 15

What neurological infection is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?

Answer 15

Meningitis

Question 16

What is a common neurological symptom in AIDS patients?

Answer 16

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 17

What mental health condition is common in HIV/AIDS patients?

Answer 17

Depression

Question 18

What is iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 18

A condition caused by low iron intake, malabsorption, blood loss (e.g., menstruation), or hemoptysis

Question 19

What are early symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 19

Often asymptomatic

Question 20

What are chronic symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 20

Pallor, glossitis, cheilitis, headache, paresthesia, fatigue, palpitations, bounding pulses, dyspnea

Question 21

What dietary education should be given to patients with iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 21

Eat iron-rich foods like dark leafy greens, beans, legumes, organ meats, and whole grains

Question 22

What medical treatment is used for severe iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 22

Packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusion

Question 23

What are key nursing interventions for iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 23

Educate on diet, treat underlying causes (bleeding, alcohol use, etc.), administer and monitor blood products correctly

Question 24

What are typical lab findings in iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 24

Low Hgb/Hct, low serum iron, low ferritin, high total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

Question 25

What medications are prescribed for iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 25

Iron supplements (e.g., ferrous sulfate)

Question 26

What are common side effects of iron supplements?

Answer 26

Black stools, GI upset, constipation

Question 27

How should oral iron be taken for best absorption?

Answer 27

Before meals and with vitamin C

Question 28

What caution is needed with liquid iron?

Answer 28

Can stain teeth—use a straw or rinse mouth afterward

Question 29

What can IV iron infusions cause?

Answer 29

Brown staining of the skin at infusion site