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Diving > Advanced Diver > Flashcards

Advanced Diver Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the content of the AD course.

A

4 lectures
2 dry practical lessons
2 OW lessons
20 dives in a range of conditions

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2
Q

What is the rule of twelths?

A

Divide tidal range by 12
Each hour after LW, add twelths - 1,2,3,3,2,1
So you know at 4 hours after LW, tide height is LW+ 9 twelths

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3
Q

How do you use a tidal curve?

A

Draw diagonal line between LW height and HW height
On tidal curve, draw up from time after LW, stop when you hit curve, draw left til you hit diagonal line, draw up til you hit HW height

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4
Q

What are the 2 main factors generating weather?

A

Temperature

Pressure

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5
Q

What pressure is warm air?

A

Low pressure because less dense

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6
Q

Describe pressure bands around Earth.

A

Equator = 0’ = low pressure
30’ above and below = high pressure
Next 30’ N and S (so 60’ N + S) is low pressure

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7
Q

Describe the effect of sideways rotation of Earth.

A 
Get prevailing winds 
North 60'+ = polar winds 
N30-60' = westerlies 
N0-30' = North east trades
S0-30' = South east trades
S30-60' = Westerlies
S 60'+ = Polar
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8
Q

Describe high pressure centres.

A

Anticyclone (clockwise)

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9
Q

Describe low pressure centres.

A

Cyclone or depression (anticlockwise)

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10
Q

What are isobars?

A

Places of equal pressure that are joined by lines

Wind blows at angles across isobars

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11
Q

What direction does wind blow across isobars?

A

Inwards towards low pressure

Outwards away from high pressure

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12
Q

What is a front?

A

Boundary between 2 masses of air with different temperatures and humidity

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13
Q

What are the main fronts?

A

Polar front (60’ N or S)

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14
Q

What is a cold front?

A

Depicted with a triangled line
Cold front pushes under warm front, forcing warm front to rise
Pressure rises
Heavy bands of rain at first and then clear skies

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15
Q

What is a warm front?

A

Depicted with a semi-circle line
Warm front pushes over and across cold front - cirrus clouds formed first
Then as warm front pushes further, heavy rain clouds form
Pressure falls

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16
Q

What are the types of cloud?

A

(High) Cirrus = detached white filament clouds - show a warm front is coming
(Mid) Nimbus = continuous rain cloud - thick and grey
(Low) Stratus = transparent veil like clouds
(Low) Cumulus = detached, dense clouds with sharp outlines

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17
Q

Force 0-3

A

0: 0-1 kn, calm, sea is mirror like, 0m waves
1: 1-3 kn, light air, sea has ripples, 0m waves
2: 4-6 kn, light breeze, small wavelets, 0.1m waves
3: 7-10 kn, gentle breeze, large wavelets, 0.4m waves

18
Q

Force 4-6

A

4: 11-16 kn, moderate breeze, small waves, 1m waves
5: 17-21 kn, fresh breeze, moderate waves, 2m waves
6: 22-27 kn, strong breeze, rough, 3m waves

19
Q

Force 7-9

A

7: 28-33 kn, near gale, very rough, 4m waves
8: 34-40 kn, gale, high waves, 5.5m waves
9: 41-47 kn, severe gale, very high waves, 7m waves

20
Q

Force 10-12

A

10: 48-55 kn, storm, very high waves, 9m
11: 56-63 kn, violent storm, phenomenal waves, 11m
12: 64+ kn, hurricane, phenomenal, 14m

21
Q

Describe on-shore winds.

A

During day, land is warmer

Air over land warms and rises, travels out to see, condenses and blows on shore

22
Q

Describe off-shore winds.

A

At night, sea is warmer so air over sea rises and condenses over land
Wind is from land to sea

23
Q

Time scale terminology in weather forecasts.

A 
Imminent = within 6 hours
Soon = between 6-12 hours 
Later = after 12 hours
24
Q

Visibility terminology in weather forecasts.

A

Good = >5nm
moderate = 2-5 nm
Poor = 1000m-2 nm
Fog - <1100m

25
Q

Pressure systems speed of movement terminology in weather forecasts.

A 
Slowly = up to 15kn
Steadily = 15-25kn
Rather quickly = 25-35kn
Rapidly = 35-45kn
Very rapidly = >45kn
26
Q

What is a decompression lazy shot?

A

Decompression line attached to main line with karabimer
Has large buoy (min 25L), robust line (at least 7mm), small weight to hold down lazy shot
Requires logging system and for all to return to shot

27
Q

What is a decompression trapeze?

A

Solid bars at decompression stop depths supported by 2 weights lazy shots
Requires a logging system and requires all to return to shot

28
Q

What are the pros and cons of a full face mask?

A

Secure breathing supply, insulation from cold, alternative gas supplies, communication

Mask malfunction, reg sharing, CO2 build up

29
Q

What are lateral marks?

A

Indicate a channel where boat is safe to go down
Red port can shaped buoys
Green starboard cone shaped buoys

30
Q

Describe the cardinal marks.

A

N: 2 triangles on top of each other, black on top of yellow
E: diamond shape out of 2 triangles, black yellow black
S: 2 triangles upside dow, yellow on black
W: 2 triangles pointing inwards, yellow black yellow

31
Q

What do safe water marks look like?

A

Red and white striped buoys

32
Q

What do isolated danger marks look like?

A

Black red black buoys with 2 circles on top

33
Q

Right of way at sea?

A

Alter course to starboard to pass on port side of each other
Power gives way to sail
Give way to larger vessels

34
Q

What are the whistle signals?

A

1 short blast: altering course to starboard
2 short blasts: altering course to port
3 short blasts: operating stern propulsion
5 rapid blasts: fail to understand your intentions or am in doubt about ability to avoid collision

35
Q

What does an increase in ambient pressure do to the partial pressure of each gas?

A

Increases
Eg 10m = 2 bar
So O2 is 0.42

36
Q

How can you resolve nitrogen narcosis?

A 
Focus on a task
Acclimatisation 
Being mentally and physically fit 
Well hydrated 
Right equipment 
Ascend to shallower depth
37
Q

What bar does CO2 toxicity occur at and when do we get it?

A

Levels 0.05 bar above normal = toxic
Levels 0.1 bar above normal = lethal

Hypercapnia - from not exhaling fully, rapid/ shallow breathing, breath holding
Faulty regulator
Incorrect procedures eg full face masks, rebreathers

38
Q

Symptoms of CO2 toxicity?

A

Increased rate and depth of breathing
Headache
SOB
Confusion, loss of consciousness

39
Q

Resolution of CO2 toxicity?

A

Stop any exertion and relax
Breathe normally
Abort dive
O2 first aid

40
Q

What jobs need to be done in managing an incident?

A 
Remove casualty from danger 
Prepare O2
Contact emergency services 
Consult pt/ buddy for details
Note timings 
Monitor pt and buddy
RB + BLS
Isolate dive equipment

Diving (13 decks)

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