Dive Leader Lectures Flashcards by Hannah Gibson

Describe the DL course.

12 theory lessons
7 open water
2 practical
Exam
20 dives in a range of conditions

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What are the indicators of the need for BLS?

No response
No chest movement
No feel of air movement

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Causes of DCI.

Inadequate elimination of nitrogen from body during ascent

Physical damage to alveoli due to overpressure leads to AGE

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What does a PFO do?

Allows bubbles to pass from venous to arterial circulation

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S&S DCI

Denial 
Itches/ rashes
N&amp;T
Visual disturbances 
Dizziness, headaches, confusion
N&amp;V
Weakness/ paralysis 
SOB
Shock

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DCI first aid?

Lie flat
Keep quiet
Give oxygen
Treat for shock

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Cause and types of burst lung?

Physical damage due to overextension due to overpressurisation
Pneumothorax or emphysema (bubbles between organs and tissues)
Usually accompanied by air embolism

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S&S burst lung?

Chest pain
SOB
Changes to voice, crepitation
Shock

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First aid for burst lung?

Lie down
Keep quiet
Give oxygen
Treat shock

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Near drowning cause and S&S?

Respiratory interruption due to inhalation of fluid

No breathing, cyanosis, weak or absent pulse

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First aid for near drowning?

RB - oxygen enriched
Chest compressions
Recovery position

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Definition and mechanisms of shock?

Inadequate circulation leading to tissue damage

Reduced blood volume due to bleeding, dilation of blood vessels, inadequate heart output, allergic reactions

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S&S of shock?

Weakness, dizziness
Pallor, sweating
Rapid pulse
Rapid breathing

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First aid for shock?

Treat cause 
TLC
Keep quiet 
Lay down with legs raised - unless ?DCI
Keep warm

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Effect of CO poisoning?

CO combines with Hb 200 times more readily than O2

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S&S of CO poisoning?

Headache
Pale grey colour 
Weakness
Dizziness, nausea
Tunnel vision
Vomiting
Increase in RR and HR
Convulsions

First aid for CO?

Lay down with legs raised

Give 100% O2

Describe size, capacity, outlet and colour of O2 cylinder.

D size
370-540L (136-210 bar)
White shoulder - BS EN 1089-3
2 pin index holes, female outlet, no O ring - BS EN 850

Describe the regulators for O2 cylinder.

4 bar outlet pressure
2 index pins with male inlet with sealing washer (Bodok seal)
Outlets w/ demand valve 100-160L/min
Secondary outlet 10L/min

Describe the demand valve for O2.

Oro-nasal mask

160L/min

Describe the resus valves.

100-160L/min on demand
Resus control limited to flow rate of 40L/min
Over pressure relief valves - set to 45cm of water

Describe the reservoir mask.

aka Hudson/ non-rebreathing
For second DCI casualty
Flow 10-15L/min

What will the majority of casualties present with and what do you treat with?

Breathing
Conscious
DCI
Demand valve and oro-nasal mask 100% O2

Why may there be an initial worsening of symptoms when giving O2?

Initial reaction of brain to O2

Oxygen diffusing into bubbles

When would you administer fluids and when would you not?

Counter dehydration Still isotonic drinks best Don't give if casualty likely to vomit, inhale fluid or needs GA

Describe entonox.

Oxygen and nitrous oxide Never give to casualty suffering from DCI Blue and white cylinder

Describe a spring vs neap tide.

Spring: greatest tidal range - low LW, high HW Neap: least tidal range

Describe the compass rose.

Outer compass: aligns to true North and lines of longitude. Used for tidal flow info Inner: aligns to magnetic North, gives variation. Used for navigation

What force on Beaufort Scale affects diving comfort?

4 - Moderate breeze, Small waves with breaking crests

How can we ensure incidents don't happen?

``` Sound training Regular practice Progressive build up Buddy system Maintained equipment Properly organised diving Constant monitoring of conditions ```

How do you prepare a boat for a helicopter lift and which direction do you face the boat?

``` Secure loose objects Remove obstructions Clear area Wind 20' to 40' on port bow Wear facemasks ```

What is a high line transfer and when would you use it?

Used where obstructions/ boat movement is a problem Helicopter drops line, pulls to side and winchman goes down line at an angle Take up slack but don't pull winchman

What is the HM Coroner and what is the equivalent in Scotland?

``` Ascertain who has died, how, when and where Procurator Fiscal (Scotland) ```

What is a simple shot?

Simple | Not easily made vertical, does not adjust for tidal rise/fall

What is a top-tensioned shot?

Has a counterwight Adjusts for tidal rise/ fall, provides near vertical line Can give precise position of dive site More complex, can become tangled, main part of line will move, not ideal in current or wind

How do you construct a shot line - what is the thickness of line, length of line, and buoyancy of buoy needed? How heavy must weight/ counterweight be?

Thick enough to grip, no less than 15-20mm Depth+ a couple of metres Surplus line kept tidy at surface, set up as a trail line or coil Buoy must be 50% more buoyant than hanging weight Weight = 25kg Counterweight = 5-10kg depending on conditions

What shot line connections can we use?

Karabiners Prusik knots Rolling hitch To shorten: karabiners, chain senneting, knotted sheepshank

What size does a lifting bag need to be?

Controlled lift = equal or slightly less volume than weight | Buoyant lift = volume larger than weight

What does a red followed by yellow SMB mean?

Gas required at deco stop